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Participles First, read pages 184-186 in your text
Now look at the chart on page 185 as you read
the following slides
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Present active participles are based on the
infinitive, the second principal part. Since
infinitives differ by conjugation, present active
participles will, too. First conj.-are remove
the re add ns translate -_____ing thus
amare to love ama ns amans loving
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Second conj. Long -ere remove the re add ns
translate -_____ing thus habere to have habe
ns habens having
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Third conj.-ere (if verb is third io,
apply 4th conj. rules instead!!!) remove the
re add ns translate -_____ing thus edere
to eat ede ns edens eating
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Fourth conj.-ire remove the ire add iens
translate -_____ing thus dormire to sleep
dorm iens dormiens sleeping
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Third io verbs are treated like fourth
conjugation!! remove the ere add iens
translate -_____ing thus capio, capere to
take remove ere cap iens capiens taking
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Remember, these participles are ADJECTIVES. They
can modify nouns. Therefore, we need to be able
to change their forms in terms of gender, case
and number. That is why the chart on page
185 has a second form for each of the present
active participles. Note that this second
form ends in ntis. That is the genitive
singular ending. We use it as the base for any
form other than the nominative singular.
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For instance, if I wanted to say that Publius
has an eating problem Publius is my
subject-no change needed. Has is my verb-habet
(he has) Eating problem is going to be my
direct object. The word for problem is
aerumna, -ae f. As I make it my D.O., I change
it to aerumnam accusative, fem, sing. So, I
now need to make edens agree with it. I use
the present active part. chart on page 325. I
look under acc. fem. sing. edens has the
genitive edentis. I take off is and from the
chart I add em. edentem is my final form.
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Now, please note that there is no present PASSIVE
participle listed in the chart on 185. If you
are using a deponent verb, it will look just like
a regular verb of its conjugation. Look at the
deponent chart at the top of page 186. Also,
notice that regular verbs do not have perfect
ACTIVE participles, but deponent verbs do. Again,
look at the charts on pages 185 and 186.
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Most verbs (regular verbs) have a perfect passive
participle. This is simply the fourth principal
part of the verb and it translates having been
__________ed amatus-having been
loved visus-having been seen obstructus-having
been blocked up etc. Now, if you have a deponent
verb, you use the third part minus the
sum. Notice that it looks like the fourth part
of a regular verb. Since it needs to translate as
active, leave out the been and translate it
having _________ed This is the only way to have
a perfect active participle. Example
conatushaving tried
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If you need to change the form of a perfect
participle, whether it is regular and passive or
deponent and active, you will do it in the same
way. Notice all the perfect participles end in
us and the charts on 185 and 186 have -a,
-um after each us form. This means that you
treat it like any us, -a, -um adjective, just
using the magnus, -a, -um chart on page
324. So If you wanted to say I saw the
arrested Publius., here is what you would do.
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I saw the arrested Publius. Vidi I
saw Publius is the direct object, so Publium is
the form. That would be acc. and masc. and
sing. (having been) arrested captus I look at my
chart on 324 and I see um so captum Vidi
Publium captum.
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Now, here is the new form the Future Active
Participle
We make all of these the same way, whether the
verb is regular or deponent We take the perfect
participle which you will note always ends in
us We put ur right in front of the
us. That gives us urus which can also
be ura and urum if we need feminine or neuter
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This translates as about to _________ or
going to ________ The very word future is
made from the future active participle of sum
which is futurus which means going to be so
the urus should make you think of futurus
which means future! Pretty handy dandy, huh?
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Now, in English, we usually express this future
idea with a relative clause or some dependent
clause, but in Latin, we can very elegantly
express a future intention in just one word. For
example, lets take the sentence I saw Publius
who was about to jump or I saw Publius just
when he was going jump Okay, we already know
that vidi I saw and we know that Publius
as a D.O. will be Publium which is accusative
and masculine and singular.
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So now, lets make our word for going to
jump. Jump-salio, salire, salui, salitus I take
the fourth form, salitus- remember, this is
usually called the perfect passive
participle- and I put ur in front of the
us. That gives me saliturus. Now, it ends
with us and it can be urus or ura or
urum, so guess which chart I use? Page 324
magnus, -a, um , exactly! You are so smart!
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Now, once again, I see that the masc. acc. sing.
is um , so my final form is saliturum My
sentence becomes Vidi Publium saliturum. I have
reduced the longer English versions to just three
Latin words without losing the meaning!
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One more thing, look up the word venio in your
Latin to English Vocabulary in the back of your
Ecce II book. What is the fourth form? What
kind of form is this?
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Notice that venturus looks like a future active
participle instead of a perfect passive one. And
it is. Think about it. Would it make sense to
say having been comed? Of course not! For
this reason, some non-deponent verbs wont have
a traditional fourth part. Instead, they cut
right to the future active participle. These
verbs tend to be verbs that werent used
passively, or at least not by the Romans.
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Now that you are participial experts, do the
assignment on page 186, 45b. Please note that
the book wants the feminine singular form. For
present active participles, that is still
ns. For perfects and futures, that would be
a. Ill help you with the first
one. Amo principal parts are amo amare amavi
amatus It is first conjugation-remember, that
only matters for present active participles.
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I take the infinitive, mark off re and add
ns. Amans (loving) perf pass 4th principal
part, which Ill change from us to a Amata
(having been loved) Now for the future active
participle, Ill add in ur Amatura
(going/about to love) NOTICE THAT I PROVIDED THE
TRANSLATIONFOR EACH FORM JUST AS THE
INSTRUCTION REQUESTED!!!!!!!!!
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Ill do one of the deponents for you as
well. sequor principal parts are sequor, sequi,
secutus sum (follow) sequi tells me that it is
3rd conjugation (i is the deponent equivalent
of ere-review is on page 99!) so I do it like
I did edere sequens (following) I make a
perfect ACTIVE participle for a deponent
by taking the THIRD form with out the sum and
Ill change it to feminine-secuta(having
followed) I didnt use been -its a
DEPONENT!!!!!
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Now, for the future active, I add in the
ur secutura (going/about to follow) Thats
it!! Now, you do 2-5 and 7-10. You will have 3
Latin forms and 3 translations for each
answer. That means 6 points for each of
8 items48 points for this assignment. Sounds
like a lot, but youre still better off than
miser Publius!!! Valete! Magistra