ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE MENTAL HEALTH AT WORK PLACE

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ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE MENTAL HEALTH AT WORK
PLACE

• Dr. M. L. Agrawal
• MD (Psychiatry)
• President-Association of Industrial Psychiatry of
  India

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• 1956- Review of Psychiatric Progress- Article on
  emotional problem caused by job tension
• 2005 A Big year for mental health at work place.
  
• In Canada momentum has gripped mental health in
  the work place.
• Watson Wyatt worldwide declared-30000 employers
  said that mental health claims were their top
  work place concern.

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2005 was the year that

• The National quality institute put mental health
  into definite healthy work place criteria.
• Medisays Health Group launched national health
  and productivity council .
• The B.C Business and Economic Round table on
  Mental Health brought health, business,
  Government and insurance people together

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• Resources available is lacking.
• Need extensive, authentic and continuous
  research.
• Development and Implementation of work place
  mental health policy and programme will benefit
  the health of employees increase productivity
  .

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2005 was a year when

• The Conservational and Liberals both put mental
  health in to their plans .
• Parliament of Canada passed a resolution
  establishing mental health as one of three
  national disease management priorities.
• The Canadian institute of Health Research
  launched a long-term research institution .
• The Government of Canada announced the creation
  of the Canadian National Mental Health Commission
  .
• 
  contd..

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• Ministers of labor put mental health on the
  agenda of their inter government conference in
  Toronto.
• The W.H.O produced mental health policies and
  programmes at work place.
• The Ontario chamber of Commerce held the first
  Economic summit on mental health and Productivity
  .
• Compulsory course is introduced on mental health
  and productivity in M.B.A. Student.

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Website

• The 2000 business and Economic plan the most
  comprehensive and Frank exploration of this
  complicated subject. Apart from this number of
  publication by W.H.O and others and many
  available on website.

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Mental Health

• Mental Health is more than the mere lack of
  mental disorders.
• Heath is a state of Complete Physical, Mental,
  Social and Spiritual well being and not merely
  the absence of disease or infirmity.
• state of well being whereby individuals
  recognise their abilities, or able to cope with
  their normal stress of life, work productively
  and fruitfully.

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Changing world of work

• Globalization of markets, urbanization and
  migration, advance information technology is
  changing the nature of work rapidly.
• In low and middle-income countries working
  conditions are more stressful and occupation
  health protection is weaker.

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GLOBALIZATION

• Globalization increased the income of employees,
  facilitate access to education and training and
  improve working condition will have a positive
  effect on the mental health of employees.
• Also have a negative impact on employment and
  working condition .

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WORK

• Work has personal, economic and social value .
• Contributes to a persons identity.
• Important source of social support .
• Work produces personal and health benefits, while
  the absence or loss of work can potentially
  damage a persons mental health (Huxley 2001).

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WORK PLACE

• Environment where economic activity occurs.
• Includes large workplace, employing thousands of
  people, small and medium sized work place where
  families may work.
• Work place includes, Public, Private and
  Nongovernmental organizations .

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Work affects a persons mental health and Mental
Health affects the work

• URBANIZATION AND MIGRATION
• About 120 million workers living outside their
  country of origin, representing 3 of the
  global labor force.
• positive effect on the mental well being .
• Can also cause stress through an increased risk
  of exposure to poverty and exploitation,
  difficulties is integrating in to a new
  community .

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• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• Advances can allow work to perform in different
  physical locations .
• Workers may be located geographically distant
  from the traditional workplace.
• Creates new challenges for employees.
• Improvement in technology have not resulted in
  shorter working weeks, reduced stress and
  increased leisure activity.

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SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED WORKPLACE

• Working condition in small and medium sized
  Businesses vary considerably.
• Many business are family based frequently operate
  outside regulatory framework increasing
  likelihood of psychological hazards .
• Long working hours and wages not paid in time
• Exposure to physical, biological, mechanical and
  chemical hazards is likely to have consequences
  of employees mental, as well as physical health.

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THE TOKYO DECLARATION

• Implementation of strategies to prevent stress
  related injury and illness.
• Surveillance to identify the extent of work
  related stress, health problems and evaluate
  efforts to improve the situation.
• Educating and training of key professional groups
  to facilitate developing programmes to reduce the
  impact of work related stress.
• Development of valid and reliable methodologies
  for research.
• Creation of clearing house to relevant
  information.
• Addressing the stress related consequences .

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PRODUCTIVITY

• It is the relationship between production of an
  output and one, some, or all of resource inputs
  used in accomplishing the assigned task. It is
  measured as a ratio of output per unit of input
  overtime. It is measure of efficiency and is
  usually considered as output per person per hour.
  
• The amount of output per unit of input (Labor,
  Equipment and Capital).

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The Magnitude and burden of mental disorders

• A Huge Toll
• Today about 450 million people suffering from a
  mental or behavioral disorders
• According to WHOs Global Burden of disease
  2001,33 of the years lived with disability (YLD)
  are due to neuropsychiatric disorders .
• Unipolar -depression disorders alone lead to
  12.5 .
• Neuropsychiatric condition account for 13 .
• International injuries for 3.3 .
• HIV /AIDs for another 6 .

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• More than 150 million persons suffer from
  depression at any time.
• Nearby one million commit suicide every year out
  of which one million from India.
• About 25 million suffer from schizophrenia.
• 38 million suffer from epilepsy and more than 90
  million suffer from alcohol or drug use
  disorders.
• The number of individuals with disorders in
  likely to increase further in view of the ageing
  of the population, worsening social problems
  and civil unrest .

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Burden of Disease
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Physical Illness
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This growing burden amounts to huge cost in terms
of human misery,disability and economic loss.
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The overall economic burden of mental disorders
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Types of measurable costs
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Measuring the burden of mental disorder from
DALYs to dollars
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Neuro Psychiatric Disorders(YLD)
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Cost in adulthood of childhood mental health
problems
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High costs of mental disorders compared to other
chronic conditions
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Prevalence and cost of major chronic conditions
(USA)
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Yearly cost per patient of selected major
conditions (USA)
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Decreased productivity at work
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Death in 2000 attributed to substance
abuse-related risks
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Cost of alcohol abuse in USA
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Excessive alcohol consumption and impaired health
of the family
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Poverty and mental disorders
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Protective factors for mental health

• Good social skills
• Secure and stable family life
• Supportive relationship with another adult
• Sense of belonging
• Positive work climate
• Opportunities for success and recognition of
  achievement
• Economic security
• Good physical health
• Attachments and networks within the community
• Access to support services

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Individual risk factors

• Biological factros
• Psychological factors
• Social factors

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Organizational risk factors

• Excessive workload
• Role in organization
• Reward
• Equity (fairness)
• Interpersonal relationship
• Working environment
• Workplace culture
• home deskwork interface

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Role of government

• Formulating the countrys mental health policy
• Promoting the mental health populaiton
• Organizing and delivering metal health services
• Special consideration for women, children, aged
  people and for disabled persons at workplace

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Thanks
/kUokn