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Sentences

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Use a hyphen to join prefixes to words. anti-Canadian. non-contact. Use a hyphen when writing compound numbers. one-quarter. twenty-three ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Sentences


1
Sentences
2
Sentences
  • Objective ? by the end of this section you will
    be able to
  • Identify the different parts of a sentence.
  • Identify and properly use different types of
    punctuation.
  • Build strong and effective sentences.

3
Kinds of Sentences
  • The Fragment
  • The Run-on
  • Complete Sentences (3)
  • The Simple Sentence
  • The Compound Sentence
  • The Complex Sentence

4
The Fragment
  • A fragment is an incomplete sentence. When
    reading a fragment, you know something is
    missing.
  • Ex The girl brushing her hair
  • How can this fragment be made into a complete
    sentence?

5
Finishing the Fragment
  • Ex The girl brushing her hair
  • The girl is brushing her hair.
  • The girl brushing her hair is pretty.
  • I saw the girl brushing her hair.
  • Is the girl brushing her hair?
  • Now you try it on the fragment sheet you have!

6
The Run-on
  • A run-on sentence has lots of ideas all trying to
    fit into one complete sentence. It seems to go on
    forever and it leaves the reader confused.
  • Example
  • On my way to work I got a flat tire but I
    couldnt change it myself so I tied a white cloth
    to the antenna and waited inside my car until
    finally a passing motorist stopped when he
    noticed the white cloth and offered to change the
    tire for me even though he was in a hurry he
    stopped because he is an individual who cares
    about other people.
  • How can we fix a run-on sentence?

7
How tofix a run-on!
  • End Punctuation shows the end of a complete
    sentence.
  • The Period .
  • The period ends a complete sentence.
  • The Question Mark ?
  • The question mark ends a complete sentence that
    asks a question.
  • The Exclamation Mark !
  • The exclamation mark ends a complete sentence
    that expresses a strong feeling.
  • Finish the run-on sentence activity on the
    following sheet.

8
How tofix a run-on!
  • The Conjunction The conjunction is a word that
    is used to connect two complete thoughts. Each of
    these is a conjunction and, but, or. In the
    following sentence, two thoughts are connected
    but the conjunction but.
  • I would have helped change the tire, but I
    didnt have time to stop.
  • REMEMBER ? You must use a comma , before
    each conjunction.
  • LOOK !!
  • Do the attached
  • conjunction work now!

9
How tofix a run-on!
  • The Semicolon A semicolon is used to
    connect two related sentences when they are not
    joined by a conjunction. A semicolon can take the
    place of a conjunction.
  • Conjunction ? He cares about other
    people, and he always offers to help.
  • Semicolon ? He cares about other people he
    always offers to help.
  • REMEMBER ? The first word AFTER the semicolon
    begins with a lower case (small) letter.
  • Do the attached work on semicolons now.

10
3 Kinds of Complete Sentences
  • The Simple Sentence
  • The Compound Sentence
  • The Complex Sentence

11
The Simple Sentence
  • The simple sentence tells us who or what the
    sentence is about.
  • The who or what (a person or a thing) is the
    SUBJECT of the sentence.
  • A simple sentence also tells us what the subject
    DOES, or that IT EXISTS, and WHERE IT IS.
  • Study the examples and answer the questions
  • on the attached The Simple Sentence
    worksheet.

12
The Compound Sentence
  • A Compound Sentence is made of two simple
    sentences that are joined by a conjunction such
    as AND, BUT, OR.
  • Each of the following compound sentences contain
    two simple sentences which are underlined. A
    comma is used before each conjunction.
  • The girl pulled the cats tail, and the cat ran
    away.
  • She tried to pull the cats tail, but the cat
    ran away.
  • Would she like a cat, or would she rather have
    a dog?
  • Complete the attached exercise for The Compound
    Sentence

13
The Complex Sentence
  • A complex sentence has a subordinate clause (a
    fragment) and a main clause (it can stand alone
    as a complete sentence).
  • fragment complete sentence complex
    sentence
  • In the following examples, the subordinate clause
    comes first and the main clause second there is
    a COMMA between.
  • subordinate clause (comma) main clause
  • If I plan ahead, I can achieve all my goals.
  • When you leave the room, please close the door
    quietly.

Do the first part of The Complex Sentence
worksheet and then of to The Next Step
14
Complex Sentences Continued
  • Notice the difference in these examples of
    Complex Sentences
  • You do NOT need to use a comma when a complex
    sentence begins with a main clause.
  • Main clause subordinate clause
  • I can achieve all my goals if I plan ahead.
  • Please close the door quietly when you leave the
    room.

Finish the remaining The Complex Sentence
questions and move onto the Composition Assignment
15
Punctuation Time !!
16
Period .
  • Use a period to show the end of a sentence.
  • Ex
  • Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.
  • The federal government is based in Ottawa.
  • Use a period after certain abbreviations.
  • Ex
  • B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.
  • Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.
  • The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.
  • It is 400 p.m. in Halifax right now.

17
Question Mark
  • Use a question mark at the end of a sentence to
    show a direct question.
  • How many provinces are there in Canada?
  • Note do not use a question mark for indirect
    questions.
  • The teacher asked the class a question. Do not
    ask me why.

18
Exclamation Mark
  • Use an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence
    to show surprise or excitement.
  • Ex
  • We won the Stanley Cup!
  • The forest is on fire!
  • CAUTION Do not overuse exclamation marks.
    Too many will take away the emphasis they are
    intended for!

19
Comma ,
  • Use a comma to show a pause in a sentence.
  • Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime
    minister.
  • Use a comma with quotation marks to show what
    someone has said directly.
  • "I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
  • Use commas for listing three or more different
    things.
  • Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest
    provinces.
  • Use commas around relative clauses that add extra
    information to a sentence.
  • Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great
    painter.

20
Quotation Marks
  • Use quotation marks to show what someone has said
    directly.
  • The prime minister said, "We will win the
    election."
  • "I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
  • You will also use quotation marks to create a
    bibliography or works cited, as a part of your
    research essay. We will cover that later though.

21
Colon
  • Use a colon to introduce a list of things.
  • There are three positions in hockey goalie,
    defence, and forward.
  • Use a colon to introduce a long quotation.
  • The prime minister said We will fight. We will
    not give up. We will win the next election."

22
Semicolon
  • Use a semicolon to join related sentences
    together.
  • The festival is very popular people from all
    over the world visit each year.
  • Use a semicolon in lists that already have
    commas.
  • The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto,
    Ontario Montreal, Quebec and Vancouver, B.C.

23
Dash -
  • Use a dash before a phrase that summarizes the
    idea of a sentence.
  • Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the
    characteristics of weather in Vancouver.
  • Use a dash before and after a phrase or list that
    adds extra information in the middle of a
    sentence.
  • The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went
    to the store. Most Canadians - but not all -
    voted in the last election.
  • Use a dash to show that someone has been
    interrupted when speaking.
  • The woman said, "I want to ask - " when the
    earthquake began to shake the room.

24
Hyphen -
  • Use a hyphen to join two words that form one idea
    together.
  • sweet-smelling
  • fire-resistant
  • Use a hyphen to join prefixes to words.
  • anti-Canadian
  • non-contact
  • Use a hyphen when writing compound numbers.
  • one-quarter
  • twenty-three
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