1603French settle in Quebec

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North America 1600s

• 1603 French settle in Quebec
• 1607 English settle in Jamestown
• 1600s French build fur-trade outposts in
• Canada, claim Mississippi
  Valley English settle Atlantic coastline 

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Britain, Spain, and France share North America.
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The French Indian War1754-1763

• In the 1600s, the 13 British colonies shared
  North America with Spain and France.
• They all wanted land, economic riches, and to
  expand their empires.
• The countrys competition led to rivalry,
  conflict, and war.
• We will consider the last of four North American
  wars here.

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• French, Huron
• many Algonquin Indians

British, Colonists Iroquois Indians
vs
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The French Indian War

• changed the future of North America.
• determined who would be the strong power in N.
  America-either England or France.
• created a huge British war debt which needed to
  be paid.

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On Land
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French Indian War on water
http//www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushis
tory/fiwartimeline.htm
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Causes of the War

• Great Britain and France wanted to expand
  economic interests.
• Disputed land along the Mississippi River valley
  and the Appalachian Mountains (Ohio Country).
• Religious French Catholic Canada
  Protestant British Colonies.
• Britain wanted the rich fishing waters of
  Newfoundlands Grand Banks.

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4 Phases - Phase 1

• Undeclared war began in 1754 - both Britain
  France hoped to avoid war.
• France built Fort Duquesne.
• George Washington attacked won. Built Fort
  Necessity.
• French captured Fort Necessity in 1754.
• Fighting grew brutal with British losses on
  the frontier and wins in Nova Scotia.

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First conflict in 1754 at French Fort Duquesne in
the Ohio Valley which was also claimed by the
British.
Ft. Necessity
French Forts, 1754-1756
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Major Washington age 21 Commander of Fort
Necessity
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General Braddock killed at Ft. Duquesne900
casualties
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Albany Plan of Union 1754

• Representatives met to discuss the French threat.
  
• Benjamin Franklin proposed that the colonies to
  work together, collect taxes, and raise troops.
• It was not approved by ANY of the 13 colonies.

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Phase 2-French Successes

• Britain declared war on France in 1756.
• They fought with larger armies.
• Opened with a series of French victories.
• Natives attacked burned farms of colonial
  settlers drove many back toward the coast.

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French Indian War 1754-1763
Area of French penetration
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Phase 3 British Victories

• 1757 British Secretary of State,
• William Pitt, sent thousands of
• British troops to America ordered
• a direct attack on Canada. The tide turned.
• 1759 Pitt mobilized 20,000 colonial troops to
  join the British forces.
• British waged many victories in Canada.
• 1759-1760 Quebec Montreal surrendered.

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James Wolfe, a British soldier- led victory in
Battle of Quebec, then died.
To Montreal
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Phase 4-Seven Years War, a world war

• Minor conflicts in North America
• War spread around the world as Great Britain
  fought for world dominance.
• British successes led to colonial possessions
  around the world.

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7 Years War-Europe
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Treaty of Paris ends the war, 1763

• Britain gained Canada and all French lands east
  of the Mississippi River.
• Spain, Frances ally, gave up Florida to
  Britain.
• Spain received all French land west of the
  Mississippi.

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Results of the War

• Established Great Britain as the dominant power
  in North America.
• Pontiacs War
• Proclamation of 1763
• Britains taxes on the colonies to help pay for
  the huge war debt. Colonies reject the taxes.

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Pontiac's War
1763
It is important for us, my brothers, that we
exterminate from our lands this nation which
seeks only to destroy us. You see as well as I
that we can no longer supply our needs as we have
done from our brothers, the French. The English
sell us goods twice as dear as the French do, and
their goods do not lastand they do not want to
give us credit as our brothers, the French do.
Chief Pontiac
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• Ottawa Indians had been allied with French now
  their tribe was forced to trade with British
  settlers.
• Chief Pontiac led an alliance of many tribes
  against the British forts in the Great Lakes
  area.
• The Indians won several battles, but lost the war
  because the most important forts did not
  surrender.
• Promised French support did not come, and most
  Indians lost interest.

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Proclamation of 1763

• King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763
  to prohibit settlement west of the Appalachian
  Mountains.
• Halted colonial westward expansion to prevent
  more Indian Wars.
• Caused bad feelings among many colonists.

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British Taxes

• You will soon learn of the series of British
  taxes and their results.