The IRA, and the struggle between Ireland and Britian

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The IRA, and the struggle between Ireland and
Britian

• Jackie Orwig
• Terrorism
• 02/2004

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IRA

• The Irish Republican Army an army or a terrorist
  group?
• During the 20th century, the IRA claimed to be
  fighting for the freedom of Northern Ireland from
  Great Britain.
• The history of the IRA and their quest for the
  liberation of Northern Ireland is filled with
  both great heroism and acts of horrible terrorism.

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Short history

• To understand the IRA, we need to understand a
  little of the history of Ireland.
• Henry the VIII declared himself head of the
  church in England and broke away from the Roman
  Catholic church.
• This was so that he could control vast tracks of
  English land.
• He dessolved the Roman Catholic beliefs.

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continued

• When Elizabeth took over, she destroyed Roman
  Catholic churchs and monasteries in Ireland, and
  gave the six counties of the north, known as
  Ulster to the London Merchants Guilds.
• This was the separation of Northern Ireland and
  Ireland.

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What is the IRA

• The initials IRA stand for the Irish Republican
  Army, founded in 1919 by the Assembly of Ireland.
• The IRA came together as a unit during the
  struggle for Irish independence.

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Who?

• 1919-1921 the IRA fought a classic and familiar
  guerilla campaign against the British government.
• Lead by,
• Arthur Griffith
• Eamon de Valera
• IRA quickly began taking over countryside forcing
  British police into cities.

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Government of Ireland Act

• In 1920 the Government of Ireland Act had created
  two Irish states, Northern Ireland (Ulster) 6
  protestant counties and 26 catholic counties of
  the south (Eire)

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PROVOS

• The provisional IRA, also know as the PROVEs
• A splinter group
• More violent
• Started in 1969

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1970- Protestant march

• PROVOs opend fire and killed 6 protestants
• English fought back by destroying homes of
  Catholics and killing 5
• By the end of the 1970s, the PROVOs had set off
  153 bombs to destroy property of Protestants

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Where did the IRA get their support and supplies?

• Much of their funds were from Irish Americans
• One supporter sent over, over 3,000 stolen and
  bought guns, many of which were property of the
  U.S. army, and over a million rounds of ammo.

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Bloody Sunday

• Jan 20, 1972
• Peaceful Catholic march of over 30,000 people
• British started firing without warning
• fired 108 rounds in 30 min, killing 13 unarmed
  Catholics.

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Response

• IRA bombed everything trying to make it to
  expensive for Britain, and making them have to
  retreat.
• Britain suspended Protestant rule, and sent
  direct rule from England.

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1973

• IRA bombs London
• 3 car bombs
• By the end of the year over 1000 explosions.

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Bombings and attacks

• Since the start of the IRA, they have killed over
  1,800 people
• 650 of which were civilians
• Primary targets were Britsh troops, and police
  officails
• Many unarmed or off duty when attacked.

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A few attacks

• 1979 assassination of Lord Mountbatten
• 1984 Bombing of Brighton hotel
• 1993 car bombing in London
• 1990s mortar attacks on British Prime Minister
• Numerous bombings of pubs, and civilian targets

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