List of Participants

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List of Participants
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River Basins within TwinBas

• THAMES (UK) Case study only
• NORRSTROM (Sweden)
• OKAVANGO
• BIO BIO (Chile)
• NURA (Kazakhstan)

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Strategic objectives

• The central objective of TWINBAS is to fill gaps
  in knowledge and methods in order to enable
  implementation of a harmonised IWRM approach that
  addresses the European Water Initiative. By
  twinning five river basins, two in Europe and
  three in Africa, NIS and Latin America and tying
  together water researchers with key expertise on
  these rivers, a critical mass of experience and
  knowledge will be mobilised. An important part of
  the objective is to build the capacity to carry
  out IWRM in all the five river basins, building
  on European approaches to water resources
  management with the Water Framework Directive in
  focus, as well as on third countries expertise
  and experience.

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What can TwinBas contribute ?

• Must build upon what other projects have started
• Must not re-invent the wheel
• Must try to take an appropriate smaller step
  towards helping development of an IWRM plan for
  the Okavango basin
• Working closely with ODMP and building upon work
  of WERRD
• TwinBas is not going to provide answers
• We will attempt to help provide appropriate tools
  in the form of mathematical modelling software
• Aim is to provide tools that will help those in
  the basin to find answers to a range of What-if
  ? scenarios

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GWAVA Model

• Global Water AVailability Assessment
• Developed through DFID support and applied to 20
  countries in Eastern and Southern Africa
• Not yet applied Globally
• Applied to Volga Basin (Russia)
• Also applied to 22 countries in West Africa
• Recently used to examine Climate Change impacts
  in Swaziland

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GWAVA Model
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SWAZILAND
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GWAVA General approach

• 0.5 by 0.5 degree grid for both water
  availability and demands (but can be 10 11 x
  11 km)
• Rainfall-runoff model for surface water
• Long series of climate inputs (30 years)
  originally used to estimate actual availability
• Linking grid cells to simulate river network
• Model components to account for effects of
• lakes, reservoirs and wetlands
• abstractions and return flows
• inter-basin transfers

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APPROACH contd.

• Groundwater availability based on aquifer
  properties and recharge estimates
• Water demands based on current and projected
  population and livestock numbers, information on
  irrigation and industrial use
• Indices of water availability versus demand
  derived at the grid cell scale

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INPUTS DATA SOURCES

• Physical and water resources data
• Elevation (DTM), River network
• Vegetation, Soil type
• Lakes, Reservoirs and Wetlands
• Aquifer properties
• Climate
• 30 year time series of monthly Rainfall
  Evaporation
• Now using daily data from Hadley Centre RCM (50
  km resolution)
• Demand related information
• Population
• Livestock numbers
• Industrial
• Irrigation demands

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INPUT DATA

• For each grid cell
• Soil type
• Elevation
• Area
• Vegetation cover

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DATA REQUIRED

• For each grid cell-
• baseline monthly, or daily, time series of
• Precipitation
• Temperature
• Potential evaporation

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Rainfall-runoff model - PDM
Probability Distributed Moisture Storage
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Does GWAVA work ?
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Modelled vs Observed flows for Swaziland
Observed Flows -Solid Line Modelled Flows
Dashed Line
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Key points from today

• Dr Tombale
• Must improve knowledge of real water usage
  within basin who is using how much water where?
  What new developments will there be ?
• Downward trend in flows at Mohembo over the past
  30 years due to upstream development or climate
  change (or change in rating, or .?)
• Elizabeth Soderstrom
• Proposals often over-ambitious donors wont
  fund a project unless it promises more than it
  can realistically deliver.
• Donors think short-term a 2-3 year project is
  not long enough to make a real difference.
• Discontinuity of funding often a gap between a
  successful project and its follow-up phase
• Chris Brown
• Each project must build upon whats gone before
  and must not undermine previous work progress
  must be incremental
• Various speakers
• Must share costs as well as benefits easy to
  talk about win-win development scenarios very
  difficult to achieve in reality. Aims of
  development often conflict with conservation
  aims.
• Angolas development needs must be respected,
  BUT, must be undertaken within the framework of
  the Water Sharing Protocol

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How can TwinBas help ?

• Can build upon previous projects
• Could perhaps help bridge possible funding gap
  between Phases I and II of Water sharing
• Will build upon WERRD project
• Must not undermine previous projects
• TwinBas objectives are dramatically overambitious
  So we need to find out exactly what you, the
  stakeholders would like the project deliver.
• Please come and talk to myself, Alasdair
  MacDonald or Dennis Hughes !!

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Thank You