Analysis on the Effects of Energy Drinks

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Analysis on the Effects of Energy Drinks

• Milad Behbahaninia, BME
• Stephanie Campbell, BME
• Nathan J. Edwards, CSE
• Tima Erakat, IE

Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering Arizona State
University
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Real World Issue

• Is a particular energy drink more effective than
  others?

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Overview

• Clinical Implications of Energy Drinks
• Design of Experiment Data Collection
• Analysis of Data
• Conclusions Future Studies

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Clinical Pharmacology

• Caffeine is the main ingredient
• Desirable effects
• Stimulant, increased alertness.
• Blocks a calming neurotransmitter

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Clinical Pharmacology

• We expected to see changes in
• Heart Rate
• Respiratory Rate
• Blood Pressure
• and possibly changes in ECG.

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Design of Experiment

• Assumptions
• Healthy adults normal CV and GI functions.
• Participants followed dietary guidelines.
• Nuisance Factors

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Design of Experiment

• Treatment Factor Energy Drink
• Block Factor Day of Week
• Block Factor Person

• Latin Square Design

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Design of Experiment

• 8 Measurements taken per sample
• Heart Rate
• Respiratory Rate
• Systolic Blood Pressure
• Diastolic Blood Pressure
• ECG changes in ST-segment, PR Interval, QRS width
  QT Interval

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Data Collection

• Drinks determined by Latin Square
• Order of people randomly determined
• Baseline measurement
• LIFEPAK 12

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Data Collection
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Data Collection

• Drinks determined by Latin Square
• Order of people drawn randomly
• Baseline measurement
• 8oz of Energy Drink
• 45 min measurement
• Measure record ECG changes

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ECG Measurements

• Standard measurements to determine any aberrancy
  in electrocardiology

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Analysis of Data

• 3-way ANOVA (1 treatment, 2 blocks)
• 8 Physical response models
• Hypothesis Testing

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Analysis of Data
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Analysis of Data
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Analysis of Data
General Linear Model Heart Rate versus Drink,
Day, Person Factor Type Levels Values Drink
fixed 5 A, B, C, D, E Day fixed
5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Person fixed 5 1, 2, 3,
4, 5 Analysis of Variance for Heart Rate, using
Adjusted SS for Tests Source DF Seq SS Adj SS
Adj MS F P Drink 4 446.6 446.6
111.6 0.99 0.449 Day 4 283.0 283.0
70.7 0.63 0.652 Person 4 275.8 275.8
68.9 0.61 0.662 Error 12 1352.5 1352.5
112.7 Total 24 2357.8 S 10.6163 R-Sq
42.64 R-Sq(adj) 0.00
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Analysis of Data
General Linear Model (Heart Rate)2 versus
Drink, Day, Person Factor Type Levels
Values Drink fixed 5 A, B, C, D, E Day
fixed 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Person fixed
5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Analysis of Variance for
(Heart Rate)2, using Adjusted SS for
Tests Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F
P Drink 4 339763 339763 84941 3.63
0.037 Day 4 61911 61911 15478 0.66
0.631 Person 4 110392 110392 27598 1.18
0.369 Error 12 280958 280958 23413 Total
24 793023 S 153.014 R-Sq 64.57
R-Sq(adj) 29.14
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Summary of Analysis
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Analysis of Data
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Conclusions Future Studies

• Clinical Determinations of Study
• Future Studies
• More direct measurement of physical or mental
  ability.
• Eliminate ECG measurements.
• Compare to placebo.

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Questions?