R

1
RD for ILC Very Forward Calorimeters
W. Lohmann, DESY

• Accelerator and GDE
• Black December
• New Schedule
• New structure for detector
• RD
• FCAL overview

Labs involved Argonne, BNL, Vinca Inst, Univ.
of Colorado, Cracow UST,
Cracow INP, JINR, Royal
Holloway, NCPHEP,
Prague(AS), LAL Orsay, Tuhoku Univ., Tel Aviv
Univ. , West Univ.
Timisoara, Yale Univ. DESY
(Z.) Associated Stanford Univ.
IKP Dresden Guests from CERN
2
Accelerator Design
First stage 90 500 GeV Second stage up to
1 TeV Luminosity 500 fb-1 / 4years
1 ab-1 at 1 TeV L 2 x
1034 cm-2s-1 Polarisation 80 e-
50 e (later phase) Beam energy
lt 10-3 uncertainty Options GigaZ (high
lumi running at the Z), e-g, g-g
3
The GDE and its Mission (Accelerator)
GDE Global Design Effort

• Produce a design for the ILC, including
  performance assessments, a reliable international
  costing, an industrialisation plan, a siting
  analysis
• Coordinate worldwide prioritized RD
• - Demonstrate and improve the
  performance of the components
• (cavities, cryomodules, RF units)
• - Reduce costs
• - Test and improve reliability

Director B. Barish 3 regional directors B.
Foster (Europe)
M. Nozaki (Asia)
M. Harrison (Americas) 480
physicists and engineers worldwide
Project Management Office M. Ross
(Chair)(Fermilab), N. Walker (DESY), A. Yamamoto
(KEK) The RDR (reference design report) for the
ILC was released in 2007 Plan was an
Engineering Design Report in 2010
4
The GDE and its Mission
5
The Black December

• In December 2007 STFC (UK) announced withdraw
  from ILC
• In US an unrelated move cut the funding for ILC
  (and particle physics) dramatically
• Enough US money left to permit GDE common fund to
  be paid and the GDE organisation to remain in
  beeing
• FALC met in January 2008 and confirmed that the
  physics motivation for a linear collider remains
  unchanged
• FALC recognised that funding stability is the key
  to any international collaborative effort so non
  of the partners investmants id jeopardized
• ICFA expressed its deepest concern about the
  decisions in the UK and the US on spending for
  long term international science projects
• ICFA feels an obligation to make policy makers
  aware of the need for stability in the support of
  major international science efforts

It cant be business as usual when such a large
fraction of recources lost 40 FTE and 4M/year
in UK and a reduction from 60 M to 15 M in
US New plan for the TD phase concentrates and
reduces work and lengthens time scales
6
TDP1 and TDP2
Detector design phase I
TDP-1 (GDE)
2010

• Prioritized RD for
• risk reduction
• (gradient, Cryomodul
• performance with
• beam, RF units)
• Beam Delivery system,
• Final focus

• RD on prioritized areas and
• critical elements
• Complete detector specifications
• Initiate technical design work
• Update physics performance
• Develop MDI scenarios

TDP-2 (GDE)
2012
Detector design phase II

• Complete technical design and RD needed for the
  project proposal
• Complete reliable cost role up
• Project plan developed

• Include LHC results in performance requirements
• Complete RD,
• develop integration into a real detector,
  technical design for the ILC proposal
• Complete MDI solution
• Reliable cost role up and financial plan

7
Detector Example
Muons (instrumented iron)
Hadrons (HCAL)
Photons, electrons (ECAL)
Track measurement (TPC)
Flavour tagging (pixel detectors)
Forward region
8
Requirements on the Detector
Impact Parameter 1/3 ? SLD (secondary
vertices) 1/5-10 x LEP
Momentum resolution 1/10 x LEP

Jet energy resolution 1/3 ? LEP,
HERA
Hermeticity gt 5
mrad
A worldwide RD program is ongoing
accelerator delivers bunch trains Timing
constraints for Detectors and readout
9
Research Director
The ILCSC recruited Sakue Yamada to serve as ILC
(DetectorPhysics) Research Director

• The RD will be responsible for
• Devising procedures that will result in two
  contrasting and complementary detector designs
  (based on Letter of Intend, LOI)
• Guiding the global detector RD effort
• Form a management structure and appoint a
  detector advisory group (IDAG)

More Details under
http//www.fnal.gov/directorate/icfa/Charge20for
20the20ILC20Research20Director.pdf
10
ILC Research Directorate Organisation
11
LoIs, Plan and Schedule
An LoI must include - the description of the
detector - the list of participants and
explanation of the recources - the critical
RD areas - simulation studies to demonstrate
the physics performance - the plan for the
completion of the technical design To identify
LoI groups a call for expression of interest
was made Three groups submitted EoIs before
march 31, 2008 (ILD, SiD, 4th.C). LoIs for
detector technical designs are expected in
2009 The critical review of the LoIs submitted
will be done by the IDAG IDAG will validate
detector designs and will give guidance for an
advanced development
12
IDAG Members

• Experiment Detector
• Michael Danilov ITEP
• Michel Davier (Chair) Orsay
• Paul Grannis Stony Brook
• Dan Green FNAL
• Dean Karlen Victoria
• Sun-Kee Kim SNU
• Tomio Kobayashi Tokyo
• Weiguo Li IHEP
• Richard Nickerson Oxford
• Sandro Palestini CERN

Phenomenology Abdelhak Djouadi Orsay Rohini
Godbole IIS JoAnne Hewett
SLAC   Accelerator Tom Himel
SLAC Nobukazu Toge KEK Eckhard Elsen
DESY
13
The next important dates
June 4-5 GDE meeting in
JINR (Dubna) June 9-12 ECFA
LC workshop in Warsaw
- first meeting of the IDAG, with plenary

presentations of the LoI groups November 16-20
LCWS/GDE workshop in Chicago
Summary

• The ILC project is moving forward with a new plan
  stretched to 2012
• taking into account the impact of funding
  cuts in UK and US
• (to reach the goal foreseen for 2010)
• Seek for synergies with CLIC
• Synchronisation between GDE and detector
  community (led now by S. Yamada) is kept.
• Continuation and consolidation of detector
  designs with LoIs next year

14
The JINR site proposal
15
The challenges
Precise Luminosity measurement Gauge process e
e- e e- (g)
Events
e
L N / s
Q, (rad)
Count Bhabha events
Events
From theory
Goal Precision lt10-3
Inner acceptance radius lt 10 µm Distance
between Cals. lt 600 µm Radial beam
position lt 1 mm
Translates into the following requirements
Energy (GeV)
16
The challenges
Energy deposition from beamstrahlung in the
innermost calorimeter (BeamCal)
Beamstrahlung is a new phenomenon at the ILC
(nm beam sizes)

• Bunches are squeezed when crossing (pinch
  effect)
• Photon radiation (at very small angle)
• Part of the photons converts to ee- pairs,
  deflected to larger angles)

A measurement of photon and pair energy allows a
bunch-by-bunch luminosity estimate
important for beam-tuning
Beam pipe
The ratio is proportional to the
luminosity Feedback for beam tuning
Dose absorbed by the sensors up to 10 MGy/year
! Radiation hard sesnors needed
For LHC people 1 MGy 1017 e-/cm2
17
The challenges
Electron veto copability is required from
physics down to small polar angles to suppress
background in particle searches with missing
energy signature (hermeticity)
e.g. Search for supersymmetric particles at small
Dm
Exploit longitudinal Shower profile

average tile energy subtracted
Local deposition from a single high energy
electron
Local deposition from a single high energy
electron
18
The Design

19
Sensor RD

• pCVD diamonds
• radiation hardness under investigation (e.g.
• LHC beam monitors, pixel detectors)
• advantageous properties like high mobility,
• low eR 5.7, thermal conductivity
• GaAs
• semi-insulating GaAs, doped with Sn and
• compensated by Cr
• produced by the Siberian Institute of
• Technology
• SC CVD diamonds
• available in sizes of mm2
• Radiation hard silicon
• CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition

20
Sensor RD
Sensor performance as a funtion of the absorbed
dose Electron beam at SDALINAC, 10 MeV, 10-50 nA
beam current, 60 -300 kGy/hour

Beam exit window
Faraday cup (IFC, TFC)
collimator (IColl)
sensor box (IDia, TDia, HV)
21
FE Electronics Development

• accelerator delivers bunch trains
• Timing constraints for detectors
• and readout
• High occupancy in the forward
• calorimeters - read out after each
• or a few bunch crossings,
• fast feedback

Cracow UST
One FE ASIC will contain 32 64 channels One
ADC will serve several channels (MC simulations
Still not finished) AMS 0.35 mm technology

22
FE ASIC
Stanford Univ.

• 32 channels per chip
• all data is read out at 10 bits for physics
  purposes
• Low latency output, sum of all channels is read
  out
• after each bx at 8 bits for beam diagnosis
  (fast
• feedback)
• Prototype in 0.18-?m TSMC CMOS technology

April 2007 High level design
complete July 2007-July2008 Layout
design August 2008 Verification
complete October 2008 Prototype ready January
2009 Prototype tests complete
23
Data transfer

Need one more level in the readout architecture
for the interface to FONT and to the detector
DAQ. Design and prototyping effort
DAQ
FONT
24
Sensors for prototypes

• - Sensor prototypes designed
• Contacts to several manufacturers
• Tower Semiconductors Israel
• Hamamatsu
• Canbera
• Sintef

• - Fan-out design thin, low cross talk

• Design of Sensor plane prototypes, ASICS ready
  for prototypes in 2009 (EUDET)
• prototypes of a calorimeter ready for tests in
  2010/12 (depending in the support)

25
Conclusions

• Priority topics within FCAL
• Refine and Complete simulations studies
• Large area radiation hard sensors for calorimetry
• Precise position measurement of electromagnetic
  showers
• Laser position monitoring
• ASICS with high readout speed, large dynamic
  range,
• large buffering depth and low power dissipation
• Fast feedback for luminosity optimisation, fast
  data
• transmission
• (here we contribute to the CMS beam conditions
  monitoring)

26

• Paris conclusions on LumiCal
• Design studies of the calorimeters relatively
  advanced
• Lots of details need further studies
• - beam-pipe design, how much material in front
• of LumiCal can be tolerated
• - realistic detector, including calibration
  uncertainties,
• cross talk, noise..
• Practical Issues
• Fix Geometry and Segmentation
• Occupancy per bunch train (gt 0.25 mip)
• Signal spectrum ? Input for FE ASICs
• Working group Bogdan, Ivanka, Iftach
• Goal produce a paper (EUDET note) with the
  relevant numbers
• before end of the year, including all
  processes we know so far

27

• Paris Conclusions on BeamCal
• Design studies of the calorimeters relatively
  advanced
• Open issues
• - realistic detector, including calibration
  uncertainties,
• cross talk, noise..
• - realistic beam transport simulations
• - beam-pipe shape
• - design studies for GamCal
• BeamCal LumiCal Geometry
• Previous geometry was summarized by Christian.
• Geometry group Christian, Bogdan, Sergey,
  Iftach, Woitek
• -Define the acceptance areas of the
  calorimeters
• -define the space needed for the calorimeters
• -define the beam-pipe shape

28
backup

29
Structure of the detector community organsation
WWS organizers