TREE FRUIT AND GRAPE PESTS

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INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN
COLORADO VINEYARDS By R. J. Zimmerman
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INSECT PESTS OF WINE GRAPES
Grape Mealybug Grape Leafhopper
Grape Berry Moth
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Grape Mealybug
Over winters in egg or 1st instar beneath bark
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Grape Mealybug
Overwintering Site note cottony mass containing
egg mass
Discolored bark from honeydew
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Grape Mealybug
Adult 0.2 inches long
Females return to old wood in mid-summer to lay
eggs (up to 600 eggs/female)
1 generation per year
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Grape Mealybug Injury
Almost all damage is caused by 1st generation of
crawlers from summer brood
Contamination of fruiting clusters
Honeydew causes growth of sooty mold on berries
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CONTROL OPTIONS Grape Mealybug
Dormant Applications - Lorsban 4E
Oil Effectiveness?? -
Early Spring, Shoots 6 long -Provado Solupak
.75-1oz/ac Late Spring, bloom through set
-Guthion 50WSP 1.5-2lb/ac -Malathion 8EC
1-2.5 pt/ac -Provado 75WP Summer, July to
August -Provado 75WP 0.75-1oz/ac OSU
recommendations
Applaud (buprofezin) -Insect growth
regulator -kills nymphs
-suppresses oviposition in adults
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Grape Mealybug Observations 2001
- Sampling started in mid-March -observed
1st instar nymphs in only one
infested vineyard -OW as egg??? -
Collected at least one parasitic wasp species -
No mealybugs observed on foliage as of May 2.
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Grape Leafhoppers Erythroneura ziczac
Erythroneura vulnerata
Adults
Over winters as adults -does not OW in vineyard
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Grape Leafhoppers
Adults observed on rose bushes, columbines and
dandelions in early spring
GLH populations tended to move from outside rows
into middle of vineyard
Adults on yellow sticky card
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Grape Leafhoppers
E. ziczac nymphs feed on underside of leaf-
1995-1996 survey 85 of nymphs counted.
E. vulnerata nymphs
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Grape Leafhopper Damage
Excessive feeding results in loss of
photosynthetic activity Can lead to premature
loss of leaves
E. ziczac adults
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Grape Leafhopper Control
Monitoring Monitor outer rows of
vineyard when grapes are leafed out
Late Spring through Berry Maturation - Carbaryl
4F 2-4 pt/ac - M-Pede 1.5-2 gal/100 gal water
- Provado 75WP 0.75-1 oz/ac
Pay attention to PHI
diazinon will not be available in a few years
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Grape Leafhopper Varietal Preference in Western
Colorado
Preferred varieties Lemberger
Gewurtzaminer Orange Muscat Blanc
Non-Preferred Varieties Merlot White
Riesling Seyval Blanc
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Grape Leafhoppers Natural Controls
Ladybug pupae
General Predators Anagros epos- parasitic
wasp Spiders
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Grape Berry Moth Endopiza viteana
2 generations east of Rockies Colorado ??
3/8 inches in length
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Grape Berry Moth
In early spring, larvae feed on stems, blossoms
berries
Feeding Damage
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Grape Berry Moth Larvae
1/3 inch long
When berries reach 3mm in diameter, larvae feed
inside of berries
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Grape Berry Moth
Damaged berries
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Grape Berry Moth
Pupating grape berry moth
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Grape Berry Moth
Monitoring Pheromone traps on perimeter
-every 100 feet -placed out before bloom
Visual inspections