Mid18th Century Wars and the Diplomatic Revolution

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Mid-18th Century Wars and the Diplomatic
Revolution
War of the Austrian Succession
Seven Years War
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The 5 Great Powers that dominate European affairs
for 200 years are in place
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England (Britain), France, Prussia,
Austrian(Habsburg) Empire,and Russia
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After the Glorious Revolution (1688), Britain
(England) became the leader opposing the growth
of French power
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Britain (England) and France fought in the War of
the League of Augsburg (1689-1697) and the War of
the Spanish Succession (1701-1714)
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Britain (England) and France had become major
rivals in building overseas colonial empires
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The Balance of Power established by the Peace of
Utrecht (1713) lasted until 1740
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Prussia continued to rise challenging Austrian
(Habsburg) power in Central Europe
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Hapsburg Emperor Charles VI
hoped to protect the inheritance of his heir, his
daughterMaria Theresa
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Charles VI got the ruling monarchs of the Great
Powers to agree to the Pragmatic Sanction to
respect Maria Theresas inheritance
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Russia had become a major European power since
defeating Sweden in the Great Northern War (1721)
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Britain and Spain began a war at sea over British
trade access to Spanish coloniesWar of Jenkins
Ear1739
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1740
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Prussia invaded and seized the Habsburg province
of Silesia
1740
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War of theAustrian Succession,1740-1748
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France, Prussia, and Spain vs.Great Britain,
Austrian Empire and the Netherlands
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The war ended with few changes except for
Prussias annexation of Silesia
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Maria Theresa had shown that a woman could rule
the Habsburg Empire
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1748-1756
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The Diplomatic Revolution
1756
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Prime Minister William Pitt believed British
national interests were in an EmpireIt should
try to avoid continental wars
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The problem was Hanover
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Britain and Prussia formed an Alliance
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The best Navy (Britain) was allied with the best
Army (Prussia)
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Britain was freed from protecting Hanover so it
could concentrate on its overseas empire
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France andAustria, traditional rivals, were
forced into an alliance
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
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Russia, intimidated by Prussia with its British
ally, dropped its isolation
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Fighting began in North America in 1754,the
French and Indian War,setting off war in Europe
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Seven Years War,1756-1763
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France, Spain, Austria and Russiavs.Great
Britain and Prussia
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ResultsTreaty of Paris of 1763 Britain forced
France out of both North America and India
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ResultsBritain was the big winner.France was
the big loser.Austria, Prussia and Russia broke
even.
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Britain gained control of Canada and India was
open to British colonization
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North America, 1713
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North America, 1763
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India, 1763
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Great Britain was the big winner but the other
powers saw it threatening the balance of power.
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Predict the behavior of the European powers for
the next war
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And the next war, the next opportunity that the
European powers have a chance to do something
about the balance of power, is. . .
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. . . the Revolution of Britains North American
colonies in 1775
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How do you expect the other powers to behave when
Britains colonies attempt to break away in 1776?
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United States France Spain Netherlands
vs.
Britain
Neutral but anti-British Russia, Austria, Prussia
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THEEND
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