HMMY ?e???????a ????s

1
HMMY ?e???????a ????sµ??????d?s?????sta?
???t??????????ap?. ?a????t??, ?.?.?
2
????te?t????? S?st?µat?? ????sµ????

• ? ????te?t????? pe?????fe? t? ?e???? stat??? d?µ?
  t?? s?st?µat??, ta ßas??? d?µ??? t?? st???e?a,
  p?? a?t? ta st???e?a ep??????????, ?a? p??a e??a?
  ta ßas??? ?a?a?t???st??? t?? ???e st???e???. ?a
  st???e?a e??a? ?p?s?st?µata ? (??a µ????te?a
  s?st?µata) ??f?de?.
• ? ????te?t????? pa???e? ??a t??p? a????s?? ?a?
  pe????af?? t?? s?st?µat?? se ????? afa??et???
  ep?ped?
• ? ????te?t????? est???e? st?? ßas????
  s?ed?ast???? ap?f?se?? p?? ?aµß????µe ??a ??a
  s?st?µa

3
???sµ?? ????te?t?????? (Shaw and Garlan)

• ? a???te?t????? ????sµ???? pe?????fe? ta st???e?a
  ap? ta ?p??a ap?te?e?ta? ??a s?st?µa, t??
  a????ep?d??se?? a??µesa se a?t? ta st???e?a,
  ?a??? ?a? p??t?pa ?a? pe?????sµ??? p?? ?a??d?????
  t? s???es? a?t?? t?? st???e???. Se ?e?????
  ??aµµ??, ??a s?st?µa pe?????feta? se ep?ped?
  a???te?t?????? sa? µ?a s?????? ?p?s?st?µ?t?? /
  ??f?d?? (components) ?a? t?? a????ep?d??se??
  (connectors) a??µesa se a?t? ta ?p?s?st?µata /
  ??f?de?. ??a s?st?µa µp??e? ?a e??a? ?p?s?st?µa
  se ??p??a ???? (µe?a??te?? ?a? p???p????te??)
  efa?µ???
• ?a ?p?s?st?µata ?a? ?? ??f?de? (?a? s??????? ?
  a???te?t?????) µp????? ?a pe?????f??? ap?
  d?af??et???? s??p??? (??????, d?µ??? ??p.)
• ????? ???sµ?? µp????? ?a ß?e???? st?? ?st?t?p?
  http//www.sei.cmu.edu/architecture/definitions.ht
  ml

4
?? ???d?a???fe? ? ????te?t?????

• ?? ?e???? d??spas? ?a? ?at?tµ?s? µ?a? efa?µ????
  sta s?stat??? d?µ??? t?? st???e?a
• ? ?at??t?s? ???eta? ?at? ??a ?e?a????? t??p?
  (?p?s?st?µata / ??f?de? / ???se??)
• ? a???te?t????? µ?a? efa?µ???? µp??e? ?a
  a??????e? ?a? ?a e??a? s?µßat? µe s???e???µ??e?
  te???t??p?e? ?a? p??t?pa
• ??? s?µa?t???? ?d??t?te? t?? s?st?µat?? p.?.
  ?p?d?s?, asf??e?a, e???st?a, e?????a a?aß??µ?s??
• ??? ßas???? s?ed?ast???? ap?f?se?? p??
  s?s?et????? apa?t?se?? ?a? ???p???s?
• ??? s?e?et? t?? efa?µ????

5
Kruchtens 41 View Model of the Architecture

• P. Kruchten. The 41 View Model of Architecture.
  In IEEE Software, vol. 12, no. 6, November 1995,
  pp. 42-50, ? IEEE 1995

6
????te?t????? ?e???t??p?a (Architectural Style)

• ?p?? a?af??aµe pa?ap??? ? a???te?t????? t??
  s?st?µat?? ap?te?e?ta? ap?
• ?p? µ???de? (?p?s?st?µata / ??f?de? -
  Components) ??????? ?a? ???p????? t??
  ?e?t?????e? t?? s?st?µat??
• ?p? s??d?se?? a??µesa st?? µ???de? (Connectors)
  ??????? ?a? ???p????? t?? s??se?? a????ep?d?as??
  a??µesa sta ?p?s?st?µata / ??f?de?
• ??a a???te?t????? te???t??p?a (architectural
  style) ????e? µ?a ???????e?a ap? a???te?t??????
  p?? ?????
• ????? t?p?????a
• S?µas?????????? pe?????sµ???
• ????? ?e??????? ??a ta components ?a? ta
  connectors

7
?a????µ?s? ????te?t?????? ?e???t??p???

• ?as???? ????te?t?????? ?e???t??p?e?
• ???? ?ed?µ???? (Data Flow)
• ???s??-?p?st??f?? (Call-and-return)
• ?????ep?d???t?? ?e?t??????? (Interacting
  processes)
• ?ed?µe??-?e?t????? ap?????? (Data-oriented
  repository)
• ?????? ?ed?µ???? (Data-sharing)
• ?e?a?????? (Hierarchical)
• ?te???e?e?? ????te?t?????? (heterogeneous
  architectures)

8
Te???t??? ???f? ?e???t??p???

• ?ta? ??????µe ?a? pe?????f??µe µ?a a???te?t?????
  te???t??p?a s?????? e?????µe t?? ap?? ?a?
  ?e???t??? t?? µ??f?
• St? p?a?t??? sp???a µ?a te???t??p?a
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? st?? ap??, ?e???t??? t?? µ??f?.
  S??????, ??a ?a s?ed??s??µe µ?a ??a efa?µ???,
  s????t??µe ?d?e? ap? d?af??et???? te???t??p?e?
• Sa? a???t??t??e? ????sµ???? p??pe? ?a ????µe µ?a
  ?a?? e????a t?? te???t??p??? st?? ap?? ?a?
  ?e???t??? t??? µ??f?, ta ?et??? ?a? a???t???
  s?µe?a t?? ???e te???t??p?a?, ?a? ta ap?te??sµata
  p?? ep?f????? a??a??? ?a? pa?a???se?? ap? t??
  ap??, ?e???t??? µ??f? t?? te???t??p?a?

9
?? ?e???t??p?e?

• ????? ?ed?µ???? (Data Flow)
• ????????a??? St??ß?da? (Sequential Batch)
• ?????/F??t??? (Pipe and Filter)
• ???s??-?p?st??f?? (Call-and-return)
• ?????ep?d???t?? ?e?t??????? (Interacting
  processes)
• ?ed?µe??-?e?t????? ap?????? (Data-oriented
  repository)
• ?????? ?ed?µ???? (Data-sharing)
• ?e?a?????? (Hierarchical)
• ?te???e?e?? ????te?t?????? (heterogeneous
  architectures)

10
????te?t????? ?e???t??p?a ???? ?ed?µ????

• Te????µe ?t? ? a???te?t????? e??? s?st?µat??
  e??a? s?µßat? µe t?? a???te?t????? te???t??p?a
  ???? ded?µ???? e??
• ? d?a?es?µ?t?ta t?? ded?µ???? e??a? a?t? p??
  ????e? ?a? e????e? t? ??? t?? ?e?t???????
• ? d?µ? t?? s?st?µat?? ????eta? ap? t? µe??d???
  ??? t?? ded?µ???? ap? t? µ?a µ???da st?? ????
• ? ??? t?? ded?µ???? ??e? t?p?p???µ??? ?a? p?????
  ???sµ??? f???
• ? a?ta??a?? t?? ded?µ???? e??a? ? µ??? µ??f?
  ep????????a? a??µesa st?? µ???de?
• ?p?????? ??p??e? ßas???? d?af???p???se?? se a?t?
  t? te???t??p?a s?µf??a µe
• ?? p?? as?e?ta? ? ??? t?? ded?µ???? ap? µ?a
  µ???da (?p?s?st?µa / ??f?da) se ??p??a ????
  (p.?., push versus pull)
• ?? ßa?µ? s??e??as?a? (pa???????? epe?e??as?a?)
  a??µesa st?? µ???de?
• ?? t?p?????a t?? µ???d?? (components) ?a? t??
  s??det???? s??se?? (connectors)

11
????te?t????? ?e???t??p?a ???? ?ed?µ????

• ????de? (Components) ?p?s?st?µata / ??f?de? p??
  ?????
• ??ap??s?pe?e? (Interfaces) µe t? µ??f? p????
  e?s?d?? / e??d?? ded?µ???? (input ports and
  output ports)
• ??a ?p?????st??? µ??t??? p?? ßas??eta? st??
  e?sa???? ded?µ???? ap? t?? p??e? e?s?d??, st??
  ?e?t?????a t?? µ???da? p?? p??a??? µetaß???e? ta
  ded?µ??a e?s?d?? ?a? pa???e? ??a ded?µ??a, ?a?
  t?? ???d? t?? pa?a??µe??? ded?µ???? ap? p??e?
  e??d??
• S??d?se??(Connectors) ???? ?ed?µ????
• ??a? ?ate????s??
• S?????? s?µßat?? µe as??????? ep????????a µeta??
  µ???d??, µe es?te???? µ??µ?
• ?a a??a?a s?µe?a t?? s??s?? ????? ?????? e?s?d??
  / e??d?? ded?µ????
• ?? ?p?????st??? t??? µ??t??? ßas??eta? st?
  µetaf??? ded?µ???? ap? µ?a µ???da (µe ???? e??d??
  ded?µ????) se ??p??a ???? µ???da µe ???? e?s?d??
  ded?µ????
• ??p?????a
• G??f?? (??µß?? e??a? µ???de?) a?µ?? e??a?
  s??det???? s??se??

12
?a?ade??µata ??p??????? ?e???t??p?a? ????
?ed?µ????
???a?a s??des?
????????a?? s??des?
??ad??µ??? s??des?
13
?at?????e? ????te?t?????? S?µßat?? µe t?
?e???t??p?a ???? ?ed?µ????

• ????????a??? St??ß?da? (Batch sequential)
• ?????/F??t??? (pipesfilters)
• ??e?st?? ß?????? (Closed loop control)

14
?a?a?t???st??? S?st?µ?t?? µe ????te?t?????
????????a??? St??ß?da?

• M???de? (Components) e??a? a?e???t?te? efa?µ????
• S??d?se?? (Connectors) e??a? ??p??a ???sµ???
  µ??f? µetaf???? ded?µ???? (p.?. magnetic tape)
• ???e ß?µa p??pe? ?a te?e??se? p??? a???se? t?
  ep?µe?? ß?µa

15
?a?a?t???st??? S?st?µ?t?? µe ????te?t?????
?????/F??t???

• ?e? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ???sµ??? µ??f? µetaf????
  ded?µ????
• ?a ded?µ??a µetaf????ta? ap? t? µ?a µ???da st??
  ???? µ???? e??a? d?a??s?µa ?a? ??? ?ta? ??? ?
  ?e?t?????a t?? µ???da? ?????????e?
• ?? ???e µ???da (f??t??) de? ??????e? t? ?pa??? ?
  t? ?at?stas? t?? ????? f??t??? (no shared state)

16
Data Pulling ?a? Data Pushing

• ? ??? t?? ded?µ???? ap? µ?a µ???da (f??t??) se
  ???? ßas??eta? st? d?µ? ?e?t?????a? t?? ???e
  µ???da? ?a? t?? p???t??? d???es?? ded?µ???? st??
  ???e? µ???de?
• ????µe t?sse??? ep??????
• ????de? ???s?? (Push) ? µ???da ??e? ded?µ??a
  st?? ep?µe?? µ???da
• ????de? ????? (Pull) ? µ???da ???e? ded?µ??a
  ap? t?? p??????µe?? µ???da
• ????de? ???s??/????? (Push/pull) µ?a µ???da
  ???e? ded?µ??a ap? µ?a ????, pa???e?
  ap?te??sµata, ?a? ??e? ta ap?te??sµata st??
  ep?µe?? µ???da
• ?a??t???? ????de? (Passive) ??te ????? ??te
  ?????? ded?µ??a. ?p?? pa?????? ded?µ??a ap? µ??e?
  t??? (sources) ? e??a? te????? ap?d??te?
  ded?µ???? (sinks)

17
A Push Pipeline With an Active Source
18
A Pull Pipeline With an Active Sink
19
A Mixed Push-pull Pipeline With Pasive Source and
Sink
20
A Pipeline With Active Filters and Synchronizing
Buffering Pipes
21
????te?t????? ?????/F??t??? Tet??? S?µe?a

• ? ?e???? s?µpe??f??? t?? s?st?µat?? ????eta? ap?
  t?? s???es? t?? f??t???
• ?pa?a???s?µ?p???s? ?a f??t?a µp????? ?a
  ???s?µ?p??????? ?a? se ???e? efa?µ????
• ??????a s??t???s?? ?a?a?? f??t?a µp????? ?a
  a?t??atasta???? µe ?e?te?a
• ??????a d?µ??????a? p??t?t?p?? ap? ap??? µ???de?
  (f??t?a)
• ??????a a????s?? t?? s?µpe??f???? t?? s?st?µat??
  (formal analysis - throughput and deadlock
  detection).
• ???a??t?ta ???p???s?? pa???????? d?ad??as???
  (filters implemented as separate tasks, consuming
  and producing data incrementally)

22
????te?t????? ?????/F??t??? ????t??? S?µe?a

• ??? ???e f??t?? pe??µ??e? ?a te?e??se? t?
  ?e?t?????a t?? p??? ste??e? ded?µ??a se ???e?
  µ???de? t?te ? ??? a???te?t????? ???eta? s?µßat?
  µe a???te?t????? a???????a??? st??ß?da?
• ?e? e??a? e????? ?a ???s?µ?p?????ta? ?????
  ded?µ??a
• ?e? e?de?????ta? ??a efa?µ???? µe ????? ßa?µ?
  a????ep?d?as?? µe t?? ???st? ???e? efa?µ????
• S???????sµ?? t?? ???? µp??e? ?a ep?f??e?
  pe?????sµ??? st? ??? a???te?t?????
• ? d?a?e???s? s??t??ß?? e??? f??t??? e??a? d?s????
• ???a?? a????? ??a ????? pa????µast? st??
  µ??f?????a ?a? t?p? t?? ded?µ????

23
S?????s? ????te?t?????? ????????a??? St??ß?da?
?a? ?????/F??t???

• ?a? ?? d?? a???te?t?????? ßas????ta? se µ???de?
  p?? ?aµß????? ded?µ??a, µeta???ss??? ? pa??????
  ??a ded?µ??a, ?a? e?????? ta ??a ded?µ??a se
  ???e? µ???de?

????????a??? St??ß?da? ????? / F??t???
?e???e? ??at???aste? µ???de? ?e???? d??st?µa e?e??sµ??-a?t?d?as?? ?ed?µ??a e?s????ta? ap? e??te????? p???? ?? d??at?t?ta pa???????? d?ad??as??? ?? d??at?t?ta d??aµ???? a????ep?d?as?? µe ???e? d?ad??as?e? / ???ste? ?ept?te??e? µ???de? ? d?a?es?µ?t?ta ded?µ???? a??e? ??a ?a a???se? µ?a ??a µ???da t? ?e?t?????a t?? ?ed?µ??a s?????? e?s????ta? ap? ???e? µ???de? ?a??????e? d?ad??as?e? e??a? p??a??? ?p?? µ??f? a????ep?d?as?? µe ???e? d?ad??as?e? e??a? ef??t?