Save "U.S." From

1
Save "U.S." From the Civil War!

• Describe, evaluate, and create the compromises
  that "resolved" the 1820-1857 slavery debate.

Answer Why did the South advocate for
slavery? Why did so many Northerners support
abolition?
2
   Missouri Compromise 1820-1821 Map

• Compromise Structure
• Missouri was added to the US as a slave state.
• Maine was added to the US as a free state.
• The Arkansas Territory was open to slavery.
• The Unorganized Territory was closed to slavery.
• The 3630' Line said that all states above
  will become and all states below will become
  slave states.

3
Missouri Compromise 1820-1821

• Northern Reaction
•  
• North feared the expansion of slavery in the
  United States
•  
• Desired to maintain the balance between the free
  and slave states (Senate)

• Southern Reaction
•  
• South desired to expand slavery across the US
•  
• They also hoped to gain new lands in the area of
  Mexico to create more southern plantations

4
Missouri Compromise 1820-1821

• Outcomes/Results of the Act
•  
• The Missouri Compromise acted as a "band-aid" for
  the country between the Free North and the Slave
  South. The country was facing a serious conflict
  over the issue of slavery and the issue had
  caused a heated debate that had drove a wedge
  between the North and the South.
• The 3630' Line created a boundary that would
  stop the spread of slavery for the South. The
  South was displeased with the result of the
  Missouri Compromise and 3630' Line.
• The unity of the country was in jeopardy over the
  issue of slavery after the Missouri Compromise
  was decided!

5
The Compromise of 1850

• 5 Provisions to the Compromise
• 1.  California admitted as a FREE state
• 2.  Utah New Mexico given popular
  sovereignty3.  Texas/Mexico boundary resolved
  Texas paid 10 million by federal govt4.  Slave
  Trade banned in DC  Slavery continued5. 
  Fugitive Slave Act

6
Compromise of 1850

• Southern Reaction
• Delayed secession
• Fugitive Slave Act pleased Southerners

• Northern Reaction
• Gave in to Southern demands in attempt to delay
  secession
• Abolitionists angered at the Fugitive Slave Act 

7
Compromise of 1850

• Outcomes/Results of the Act
•  
•  Made another compromise inevitable
•  Introduced the idea of Popular Sovereignty as a
  means of compromise

8
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

• Organized the state governments of Kansas
  Nebraska
• Popular sovereignty in the territories of Kansas
  Nebraska

9
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

• Southern Reaction
• pro-slavery violence in Kansas
• pleased with the expansion of slavery and new
  potential political power
•  Lecompton constitution
• Rep. Preston Brooks beats Sen. Charles Sumner on
  the Senate floor

• Northern Reaction
• Pottawatomie Massacre
• John Brown
• angered by popular sovereignty
• hatred towards Stephen A. Douglas
• Sen. Charles Sumner condemns Southerners for
  fomenting violence in Kansas

10
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

• Outcomes/Results of the Act
• Slavery is allowed to potentially expand north of
  the Missouri Compromise line of 3630'N
• Concept of popular sovereignty fails
• The institution of slavery is essentially
  perpetual
• The South could establish and maintain a
  congressional majority
• Stephen A. Douglas loses his bid for the 1856
  Democratic presidential nomination
• Bleeding Kansas
• Kansas admitted as a free state (1861)

11
Scott v. Sanford (1857)

• Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney rules
  that a slave holds no rights in any state, free
  or slave. The court also finds that the Missouri
  Compromise (and ensuing acts) were
  unconstitutional. 

12
Scott v. Sanford (1857)

• Southern Reaction
• enthusiastic slavery expanded
• the preservation of slavery the preservation of
  the Union
• the case supported the concept of states' rights

• Northern Reaction
• increase in abolitionist sentiments
• Harper's Ferry Raid
• growing appeal of anti-slavery political
  platforms (the Republican party)
• Lincoln's "House Divided" speech
• waning support for compromise on slavery

13
Scott v. Sanford (1857)

• Outcomes/Results of the case
• Removed all barriers to the expansion of slavery
• Dissolution of the Missouri Compromise
• Loss of Northern political dominance
• Divided the Democratic party in the Election of
  1860
• Increased opposition to slavery in the North
• Emboldened Southern supporters of slavery
• Strengthened the Republican platform its public
  support