Engendering agricultural censuses, Experience from Africa

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Engendering agricultural censuses, Experience
from Africa
Global Forum on Gender Statistics Accra, 26 -
29 January 2009

• Diana Tempelman
• Senior Officer, Gender and Development
• FAO Regional Office for Africa, Accra

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GENDER CONCERNS IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

• Male dominated rural out-migration
• Access to productive resources land animals
• Access to agricultural inputs seeds, fertilizer
  /
• agro-chemicals, extension / training, finances,
  farmers organisations
• (market-)information
• Access to / provision of family labour
• Responsibilities

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Engendering agricultural statistics Outline of
presentation

• Early days first half 1990-ies
• Developing methodology - WCA 2000
• (1996-2005)
• Consolidation - WCA 2010 (2006 2015)
• Remaining challenges

WCA World Census of agriculture
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Early days (1991-2005, .., ..)

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Early days first half 1990-ies
Early REACTIONS
Those feminists from Beijing!
Thought?
Thought?
Yes, womens agricultural work doesnt show in
statistics
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Early days first half 1990-ies
ACTIONS

• re-analysing existing raw data
• data by sex of Head of Holding
• technical support to user-producers workshops
  availability / demand / users of
• sex-disaggregated agricultural data
• revision of concepts definitions

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Early days first half 1990-ies
OUTCOME

• Awareness on need for sex-disaggregated data
• Knowledge among statisticians
• Openness to test collection
  sex-disaggregated data through
• existing agricultural surveys / censuses
  

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Developing a methodology WCA 2000 (1996-2005)

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Developing a methodology WCA 2000 (1996-2005)
ACTIONS

• Gender analysis training
• Data analysis presentation at
• sub-national level
• Data presentation at
• sub-household level
• ALL MEMBERS WORK

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FEMINISATION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
DATA
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? feminisation of agriculture
DATA
Heads of agricultural holdings / sex in selected
provinces - CAMEROON
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labour constraints in headed HH
DATA
Active male members / sex of HoHH, Tanzania
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Gender variation at sub-national level
DATA
Area under maize, NIGER
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Gender variation at sub-national level
DATA
? area under vouandzou, NIGER
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Under - presentation of women farmers work
DATA
Area cultivated / crop by sex of agricultural
holder BURKINA FASO
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Enhanced presentation of women farmers work
DATA
Area cultivated / crop by sex of agricultural
holder sub-holder
NEW CONCEPT gt PLOT-MANAGERS
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Developing a methodology WCA 2000 (1996-2005)
OUTCOME

• Lessons learned document

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2. Developing a methodology WCA 2000 (1996-2005)
OUTCOME

• Thematic census reports Tanzania, Niger

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Consolidation WCA 2010 (2006 - 2015)

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EXAMPLES of Best practises from WCA 2010

• Analysis of demographic data
• Access to productive resources (/ sex of HoHH
  individual)
• Destination of agricultural produce / sex of HoHH
  (min.)
• Credit, labour and time-use
• Poverty indicators

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i - Demographic data - NIGER
DATA
Average size and dependency ratio of agricultural
households by sex of Head of Household at
regional and national level
Source RGAC 2004-2007, Niger
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ii - Access to productive resources, LAND
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LAND Collective management / Head of HH
DATA
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LAND Individual management / active HH members
DATA
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ii - Access to productive resources ANIMALS
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DATA
Agricultural HH / principal activity / sex HoHH,
Niger
Source RGAC 2004-2007, Niger
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ii - Access to productive resources ANIMALS
Household level question
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DATA
Sedentary animals / type of animal / sex of
owner, Niger
Source RGAC 2004-2007, Niger
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Ownership chicken / sex of owner, Niger
DATA
Source RGAC 2004-2007, Niger
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DATA
Ownership pigeons / sex age of owner, Niger
Source RGAC 2004-2007, Niger
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iii destination of agricultural produce Part 2
Crop usage proportions (percentages) ETHIOPIA
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Destination of birds / sex of HoHH, Niger
DATA
Source RGAC 2004-2007, Niger
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iv Credit, labour, time-use. Tanzania
Q 13.1 During the year 2002/2003 did any of the
household members borrow money for agriculture?
Yes or no Q 13.2 If yes, then give details
of the credit obtained during the agricultural
year 2002/2003 (if the credit was provided in
kind, for example by the provision of inputs,
then estimate the value)
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Use of CREDIT / sex of HH member, Tanzania
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Female HoHH use credit to hire labour -
DATA
to purchase seeds
TANZANIA
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Reasons for not receiving a loan or credit -
UGANDA
Source Uganda Pilot Census of Agriculture 2003
PCA Form 2 Section 2.2
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iv Time-use, Ethiopia Source Ethiopian
Agricultural Sample Enumeration Miscellaneous
Questions 2001/02 (1994 E.C.)
21 How much time do men and women spend in the
household on each of the following agricultural
activities? Use the codes given below the table
Codes 1 Not participated 2 One fourth of the
time (1/4) 3 One half of the time (1/2)
4 Three fourth of the time (3/4) 5 Full
time 6 Not applicable
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DATA
iv - Division of Labour, Tanzania
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V Poverty indicators, Tanzania
Source United Republic of Tanzania
Agricultural Sample Census 2002/2003- Small
holder/Small Scale Farmer Questionnaire Section
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DATA
Frequency of food shortages, Tanzania
A higher percent male-headed HHs never has food
shortage. A higher percent of female-headed HHs
has often or always food shortages. The same
pattern appears in the regions.
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Consolidation phase WCA 2010 (2006 2015)
ACTIONS

• Integration into
• FAO STATISTICAL
• DEVELOPMENT SERIES

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Consolidation WCA 2010 (2006 2015)
ACTIONS
Forthcoming
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Consolidation WCA 2010 (2006 2015)
ACTIONS
Reinforcing sex-disaggregated data in COUNTRY
STAT
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Remaining challenges

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Remaining challenges
Discussion points

• analysis of available
• sex-disaggregated data
• use sex-disaggregated data
• policy-making, implementation impact
  assessment

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Discussion points
Remaining challenges

• integration national
• statistical systems
• Progress impact indicators

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Remaining challenges
Discussion points

• IMPROVED DATA COLLECTION
• Labour
• Decision-making
• Responsibilities

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THANK YOU