FDRs New Deal

1
FDRs New Deal

• The American people are ready for a change the
  Election of 1932 proves it!
• Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt beats Hoover
  by a LANDSLIDE!
• Democrats also have majority in House Senate

2
The Hundred Days

• March 9 June 16, 1933
• Congress starts intense activity
• Major laws passed to expand Govt role in economy
  
• Roosevelt his advisors The Brain Trust
  develop programs to end the Depression
• This plan the programs become known as THE NEW
  DEAL

3
3 main goals of the New Deal

• Relief for the needy
• Economic recovery
• Financial reform

4
FIRESIDE CHATS

• FDR Spoke Directly to the people on the radio
• Explained New Deal Asked for Public Support
• Played a major role in restoring the peoples
  faith in the economy Govt

5
BANKS

• Bank Holiday closed banks to prevent more
  bank failures
• Emergency Banking Relief Act allowed healthy
  banks to reopen
• Restored public confidence in banks
• Glass-Steagall Act est. the Federal Deposit
  Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
• Protected savings people put in banks- up to
  5,000

6
Stock Market

• Federal Securities Act
• Made companies give accurate information about
  its stocks
• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
• Regulate stock markets prevent insider
  trading

7
21st Amendment

• repealed prohibition
• raise Govt revenue by taxing alcohol

8
NEW DEAL HELPS FARMERS WORKERS

• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raise crop
  prices by lowering production
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)- created jobs
  building roads planting trees
• Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
  DIRECT relief for needy

9

• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
• set codes for fair practice for industries
• guaranteed the workers right to organize unions
• set up National Recovery Administration (NRA) to
  stop wage cuts, falling prices layoffs
• Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
• Provide Govt loans to homeowners who faced
  foreclosure

10
Not everyone was a fan of the New Deal

• FDR had to finance the New Deal through deficit
  spending
• Even though New Deal programs did benefit a lot
  of people, some criticized it
• Liberals said it didnt do enough to help the
  poor
• Conservatives said it gave the Federal Govt too
  much control

11
Supreme Court found 2 parts of the New Deal
UNCONSTITUTIONAL

• NIRA
• AAA
• FDR proposed a bill to allow him to appoint new
  Supreme Court Justices
• People accused him of trying to pack the court
  with supporters
• This cost FDR some public support
• As justices resigned, FDR appointed 7 new
  justices
• Court decisions started to favor the New Deal

12
3 Critics of FDR

• Father Charles Coughlin- Roman Catholic Priest
• Dr. Francis Townsend- proposed pension plan to
  give monthly to elderly
• HUEY LONG- original supporter, but wanted to
  become president himself
• Proposed program called SHARE OUR WEALTH
• 1935 assassinated

13
The SECOND New Deal

• Section 2

14
The Second New Deal The Second Hundred Days

• Economy improved in the first two years of
  Roosevelts presidency but not enough
• Unemployment still high production was low
• Democrats increased their majority in Congress in
  the midterm elections of 1934
• FDR launched a second wave of reforms
• Programs designed to help poor people
• Eleanor Roosevelt, traveled around the country
  reporting to FDR the suffering of the poor

15
Election of 1936

• An overwhelming victory for Roosevelt, the
  Democrats, the New Deal.
• 1st time most African Americans voted Democratic
• 1st time labor unions supported a single
  candidate- Roosevelt.

16
Helping Farmers

• Things were still tough for farmers in the mid
  1930s.
• 1st AAA struck down by the Supreme Court.
• Congress passed new laws to replace 1st AAA
• Soil Conservation Domestic Allotment Act
• paid farmers to use soil conservation
• 2nd AAA was passed w/out the tax that had made
  the first one unconstitutional

17
Sharecroppers Tenant Farmers

• Resettlement Administration
• Provided loans to help farmers buy land
• Farm Security Administration (FSA)
• Loaned more than 1 billion to tenant farmers
• Set up camps for migrant workers

18
Roosevelt Extends Relief

• Works Progress Administration (WPA)
• Create jobs as quickly as possible.
• The WPA used millions of workers to build
  airports, roads, libraries, schools, hospitals.
  
• Some criticized WPA makework program that
  created useless jobs just to give people a
  paycheck
• But WPA created works of lasting value.
• gave working people a sense of hope dignity
• Employed teachers, writers, artists, actors,
  musicians.
• Made special efforts to help women, minorities,
  and the young.

19
The National Youth Administration (NYA)

• provided aid part-time jobs to many high school
  college students
• Allowed them to get an education even in tough
  economic times.

20
Improving Labor and Other Reforms

• Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act
  to replace the NIRA (Supreme Court had struck
  down)
• This law is often called the Wagner Act.
• Supported workers right to collective bargaining
  banned unfair labor practices.
• Set up the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
  to enforce these reforms.

21
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

• Set maximum hours and a minimum wage for the
  first time.
• Set a workweek of 44 hours Banned child labor
  in factories

22
Social Security Act

• One of the most important achievements of the New
  Deal
• Had 3 Parts
• Old-age insurance (supplemental retirement plan
  provided funds from what workers employers paid
  into the system
• Unemployment compensationpayments to workers who
  lost their jobs
• Aid to the disabled and families with
  childrenthis helped people who could not be
  expected to work

23
Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

• Extended electricity to rural areas
• Regulate public utilities

24
Groups Affected by THE NEW DEAL

• Section 3

25
Women

• More Women appointed to Federal Govt Jobs
• Francis Perkins 1st Female Cabinet Member
• Helped create Social Security System
• Roosevelt hoped that appointing women would make
  him more popular among women voters
• Women were discriminated against though..
• Paid less
• Some companies did NOT hire women

26
African Americans

• Roosevelt gave them a voice in Govt
• Mary McLeod Bethune
• Head of Minority Affairs Office of the National
  Youth Administration
• Worked to ensure NYA hired African Americans
• Helped organize Black Cabinet

27
Mexican Americans Native Americans

• Mexican Americans supported New Deal
• But received few benefits
• Farm workers not covered by Federal Laws
• Discriminated against by some New Deal Agencies
• Native Americans GOT support from New Deal
• John Collier- Commissioner of Indian Affairs
• Helped pass Indian Reorganization Act
• Strengthened Native American Land Claims

28
Neal Deal Coalition

• Southern Whites
• City People
• African Americans
• Union Workers
• Ethnic Groups
• All joined together to support FDR

29
UNIONS

• New Deal Laws made it easier to form unions
• From 3 million members 10 million
• American Federation of Labor (AFL)
• Mostly CRAFT unions
• Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
• Represent whole industries
• SIT DOWN STRIKE refused to work
• Couldnt use strikebreakers or scabs
• National Labor Relations Board
• Stepped in to stop violent strikes

30
Culture of the 1930s

• Section 4

31
Radio Movies

• 90 of all households owned Radios
• 65 of population went to movies 1x/week
• Drama, Comedy, Musicals
• Hollywood Glamour Sophistication
• Fireside Chats

32
Art Literature

• Serious critiques of American Society
• Uplifting messages about strength of character
  value of the people
• FEDERAL ARTS PROJECT (part of WPA)
• Paid artists to create posters, murals, public
  works of art
• FEDERAL THEATHER PROJECT
• Brought drama into communities
• Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath