RAD 254 Chapter 1 Concepts of RAD Science

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RAD 254 Chapter 1Concepts of RAD Science

• This class will be a great review of RAD 150
  items PLUS will be TECHNIQUE oriented.
• Technique/cooling charts and effects of all items
  on radiation outputs and intensity will be
  stressed!

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Matter anything that occupies space

• -consists of atoms and molecules
• -primary characteristic is mass
• Weight and mass differences

3
7 Forms of Energy

• Potential capacity to do work by virtue of
  position
• Kinetic energy of motion
• Chemical energy released in chemical reactions
• Electrical electron movement
• Thermal molecular level movement
• Nuclear energy in the nucleus of an atom
• Electromagnetic x-ray magnetic energy

4
Ionizing Radiation

• Capable of removing an orbital electron from an
  atom an ion pair ejected electron (called a
  negative ion) and the upset atom minus an
  electron (destabilized atom called a positive ion)

5
Natural radiation

• Cosmic rays particles emitted by the sun and
  stars
• Terrestrial emitted from deposits of uranium,
  thorium and other radioactive earthly substances
  (radon gas)
• Internally deposited mainly potassium 40
  (natural metabolites)

6
Man Made Radiation

• Medical/dental x-rays
• Nuclear power plants
• Industrial plants
• Smoke detectors, airport surveillance systems, etc

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Key dates

• November 8, 1895 X-rays discovered by Wilhelm C.
  Roentgen (was using a Crooks tube)
• Fluoroscope invented in 1896 by Thomas Edison

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Radiation Protection

• ALARA As low as reasonably achievable
• Time Distance Shielding
• Early radiation exposure effects blood changes,
  lowered sperm count
• Latent effects genetic effects, cancer

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Radiation Protection To Consider

• Filtration kVp driven
• Collimation single most important thing a tech
  can do!
• Intensifying screens film-speed combination as
  FAST as possible
• Protective barriers shielding, gonadal shielding
  and PATIENT shielding!