Publisher The GoodheartWillcox Co', Inc' Tinley Park, Illinois

1
PowerPoint Presentation
PublisherThe Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.Tinley
Park, Illinois
2
Chapter 18

• The Floor Plan

3
The Floor Plan

• The floor plan is the heart of a set of
  construction drawings.
• All tradeworkers refer to the floor plan.
• Usually the first drawing completed.
• The basis for many other plans.
• Actually a section drawing.
• Keep the floor plan clean and uncluttered.

4
Presentation Drawing

• Study this pictorial of a three bedroom house.
  Then, examine its floor plan in the next slide.

(Sater Design Collection, Inc.)
5
Presentation Floor Plan

• Many common features found on a floor plan are
  identified in this drawing.

(Sater Design Collection, Inc.)
6
Required Information

• Information that should be included on the floor
  plan includes
• Exterior and interior walls.
• Size and location of windows and doors.
• Built-in cabinets and appliances.
• Permanent fixtures.
• Stairs.
• Fireplaces.

(continued)
7
Required Information

• Walks, patios, and decks.
• Room names.
• Material symbols.
• Location and size dimensions.
• Drawing scale.
• Related structures are frequently included.

8
Location and Size of Walls

• Walls should be drawn actual thickness.
• Variations in wall thickness will detract from
  the drawing.
• Manual drafters use dividers to draw a wall at
  proper thickness CADD drafters use OFFSET,
  DOUBLE LINE, or similar command.
• Use proper hatch patterns.

9
Wall Material Symbols
10
Windows and Doors

• Use a centerline to locate the opening for
  windows and doors in frame walls.
• Dimension to the side of the opening in a masonry
  wall.
• Openings for windows are sash width.
• Openings for doors are actual width.
• Sills are drawn for windows and exterior doors.
• Door swing should be indicated.

11
Window and Door Location

• Windows and doors should be located in a frame
  wall using a centerline. Door swing is also shown.

12
Plain Opening or Archway

• Hidden (dashed) lines are used to show that an
  opening does not extend to the ceiling.

13
Cabinets, Appliances, and Permanent Fixtures

• Kitchen cabinets, bath vanities, fixtures, and
  appliances must be shown on the floor plan.
• Standard symbols at proper scale are used for
  these features.
• Check your local code for clearances for
  appliances and fixtures.

14
Stairs and Fireplaces

• Only information about the basic size and
  location of stairs and fireplaces needs to be
  recorded on the floor plan.
• For stairs, show direction of flight, number of
  risers, and width of stairs.
• For a fireplace, show basic depth and width,
  opening design, and location.
• Use either simplified or detailed symbol.

15
Stairs on Floor Plan

• Information about a set of stairs that is usually
  included on the floor plan.

16
Fireplace Symbols

• A fireplace may be represented using a simplified
  or detailed symbol. The detailed symbol is
  usually preferred.

17
Walks, Patios, and Decks

• Several outside features are usually included on
  the floor plan.
• Walks, patios, and decks are examples.
• Indicate size and materials on the plan.
• Consider these elements as part of the total plan.

18
Room Names

• Room names help communicate the plan to others.
• Room names should be 3/16" high.
• Room names should be in the center of the room.
• Approximate room size should appear below the
  name.

19
Material Symbols

• Material symbols or material hatch patterns are
  used to denote each material.
• Use a material symbol whenever the material
  should be identified.
• If the symbol is not a standard one, identify it.

20
Material Symbols
21
Material Symbols
22
Dimensioning

• Dimensions on a floor plan show size and location
  of the features.
• Proper placement of dimensions requires good
  judgment.
• Locate dimensions where one would logically look
  for them.
• In architectural drafting, dimension lines are
  continuous lines with the dimension figure placed
  above the line.

23
Dimensioning

• Dimension figures are always parallel to the
  dimension line.
• Be consistent with the type of termination symbol
  used for dimension lines.
• Move dimension lines out from drawing.
• Space dimension lines 1/4" or 3/8" apart.
• Make leaders no longer than 2".

24
Dimensioning

• Dimensions are recorded in feet and inches.
• Feet and inch marks may be omitted.
• Dimensions less than 1' are usually indicated as
  1/2", 2", 6", etc.
• Dimension interior frame walls to the center of
  the wall.
• Dimension exterior frame walls to the outside of
  the stud wall.

25
Dimensioning

• Recommended method of dimensioning frame wall
  construction.

26
Dimensioning

• Solid masonry walls (cast concrete, block, brick,
  or stone) are usually dimensioned as shown.

27
Dimensioning

• Brick veneer walls are dimensioned to the outside
  of the stud wall.
• Solid masonry walls are dimensioned to the
  outside of the wall.
• Overall dimensions are needed to provide the
  total length and width of the structure or major
  parts of the structure.

28
Dimensioning

• Add up partial dimensions to be sure they equal
  the overall dimensions.
• Notes are often necessary to present information
  that cannot be represented by dimensions or
  symbols.
• Notes should be read from the bottom of the sheet.

29
Scale and Sheet Identification

• Residential floor plans are usually drawn at 1/4"
  1'-0".
• C-size paper is generally large enough.
• Number the sheets in the package.
• Sheet 1 of 6, 2 of 6, etc., works well.
• Sheet numbers should be placed in the lower
  right-hand corner.

30
Metric System of Dimensioning

• In the US, the customary inch system is standard
  in the construction industry.
• The metric system of measurement is standard in
  most countries outside of the US.
• In a metric construction drawing the whole
  numbers indicate meters.

31
Metric System of Dimensioning

• Floor plan with metric dimensions.

32
Drawing a Floor Plan

• Develop a preliminary sketch.
• These rough sketches will provide direction for
  drawing the plan to scale.
• Determine the basic requirements of the
  structure.
• Consider expansion plans.
• Look over examples.

33
Split-Level House Floor Plan
(Donald F. Sowa, A.R.A.)
34
Two-Story House Floor Plan
35
Two-Story House Floor Plan
36
Expansion Floor Plan
37
ProcedureManual Drafting

• 1. Lay out the exterior walls.
• Use construction lines for layout.
• Use proper wall thicknesses.
• 2. Locate the interior walls.
• Use construction lines for layout.
• Use center of the wall for locating interior
  walls.
• Use dividers to transfer wall thickness.

38
ProcedureManual Drafting

• Drawing steps 1 and 2.

39
ProcedureManual Drafting

• 3. Locate the windows and doors.
• Locate centerline first in frame walls.
• Indicate door swing and window type.
• 4. Draw the stairs.
• Measure width of stairs and lay out treads.
• 5. Locate and draw the fireplace.
• Identify type and size of fireplace.

40
ProcedureManual Drafting

• Drawing steps 3, 4, and 5.

41
ProcedureManual Drafting

• 6. Locate and draw walks, patios, and
• decks.
• 7. Draw the kitchen cabinets, appliances, and
  bathroom fixtures.
• Base cabinets are 24" deep (solid lines) wall
  cabinets 12" deep (dashed lines).
• Check code for fixture clearances.
• 8. Add dimensions, notes, and room names.

42
ProcedureManual Drafting

• Drawing steps 6, 7, and 8.

43
ProcedureManual Drafting

• 9. Add material and identification symbols.
• Add necessary symbols and darken remaining light
  lines.
• 10. Draw the title block and add the scale.
• Include the sheet number.
• 11. Check the entire drawing for accuracy
• and completeness.

44
ProcedureManual Drafting

• Drawing steps 9, 10, and 11.

45
Drawing CADD Floor Plans

• Using CADD speeds up the process of drawing and
  designing a floor plan.
• Automatic wall generation, repetitive use of
  symbols, dimensioning features, and elimination
  of hand lettering reduce drafting time.
• You still need to know the basics of design!

46
CADD-Drawn Floor Plan
(SoftPlan Systems, Inc.)
47
CADD Packages

• Generic CADD packages can be used to draw floor
  plans.
• Software designed for architectural work is much
  preferred for these reasons
• Includes an architectural symbols library.
• Includes architectural dimensioning styles.
• May include architectural font for lettering.

48
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• 1. Prepare a space diagram.
• Draw to scale with each room identified.
• 2. Draw the exterior and interior walls.
• Use the DOUBLE LINE, OFFSET, or similar command
  to draw the walls.
• Convert the space diagram into a floor plan.
• Check accuracy of wall thickness and lengths.

49
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• Step 1 Computer-generated space diagram.

50
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• Step 2 DOUBLE LINE method.

51
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• Step 2 Space diagram method.

52
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• Step 2 Wall area cleanup.

53
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• Step 2 A floor plan generated from a space
  diagram. All wall intersection cleanup was
  automatic.

54
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• 3. Locate the windows and doors.
• Dimension to the center of the unit in a frame
  wall structure.
• Plan the location of these elements to compliment
  the overall design.
• Use location dimensions that are at least
  multiples of 1".
• Include window sills, if desired.
• Use thinner lines on a separate layer.

55
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• Drawing step 3.

56
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• 4. Draw the stairs on a layer by itself.
• Show stair treads, handrails, and direction.
• 5. Locate and draw the fireplace.
• Use appropriate hatch patterns.
• 6. Locate and draw walks, patios, and porches on
  a separate layer.
• 7. Draw the kitchen cabinets, appliances, and
  bathroom fixtures.

57
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• Drawing steps 4, 5, 6, and 7.

58
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• 8. Add dimensions to the plan.
• All construction features should be dimensioned
  unless they are obvious.
• Position extension lines properly.
• Every exterior wall segment should have partial
  and overall length dimensions.
• Be sure dimensions are accurate, add up properly,
  and are on their own layer.

59
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• Drawing step 8.

60
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• 9. Add room names, notes, material hatch
  patterns, scale, and title.
• Use the TEXT command.
• Assign an appropriate layer.
• Add material symbols.
• Construct a title block.
• 10. Check over the entire drawing.

61
Drawing ProcedureCADD

• Drawing steps 9 and 10.

62
Glossary

• Floor Plan.
• Identifies the location and dimensions of
  exterior and interior walls, windows, doors,
  major appliances, cabinets, fireplaces, and other
  fixed features of the house.
• Material Hatch Patterns.
• A type of shorthand for the drafter used to
  indicate a material rather than trying to
  describe each material with words.

63
Glossary

• Material Symbols.
• A type of shorthand for the drafter used to
  indicate a material rather than trying to
  describe each material with words.
• Overall Dimensions.
• Provide the total length and width of the
  structure or feature.