Title: Workshop in Spatial and dynamic weed measurements and innovative weeding technologies Bygholm, Denma
1Workshop in Spatial and dynamic weed
measurements and innovative weeding
technologies Bygholm, Denmark 14th - 15th of
November 2005
Current and future methods for physical intra-row
weed control in row crops by B.
Melander Coordinator of the EWRS-working Physical
and Cultural Weed Control Danish Institute of
Agricultural Sciences (DIAS) Department of Crop
Protection
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3200-500 hours per hectare in carrot and direct
sown onion and leek
4For further information visit (www.eco-dan.dk) (w
ww.fp-engin.dk)
Camera for row detection
Electrical actuator for pivotal steering discs
Pivotal steering discs
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6Ideal situation
7(Van der Weide (NL), 2005)
8Intra-row weeder for upland fields (2) - Torsion
weeder -
Start of use 1980 Total number of
shipment 10,000 Price (4 rows tine
attachment) 4,800 DKK (Tskasa, Japan)
Torsion tine
9Intra-row weeder for upland fields - Rake weeder
-
Cultivator blade
for hard soils
for small crops
Rake
for soft soils
Crop
for large crops
- Start of use 1994
- Total number of shipment 7,000
- Price (4 rows) 35,000 DKK
- (4 rows rake attachment) 13,500 DKK
(Tskasa, Japan)
10Intra-row weeder for upland fields- Rake weeder -
(Tskasa, Japan)
11Intra-row weeder for upland fields - Combination
weeder -
Basket wheel
Cultivator blade
Start of use 1993 Total number
of shipment 2,700 Price (4 rows)
76,000 DKK
Rake
Finger wheel
Crop
Basket wheel
(Tskasa, Japan)
Torsion bar
12Intra-row weeder for upland fields - Combination
weeder -
(Tskasa, Japan)
13Intra-row weeder for upland fields - Rotary tine
weeder -
Ground wheel
Cultivator blade
Rotating tine
Rotating tine
Start of use 1995 Price (4 rows) 77,000
DKK Total number of shipment 150
(Tskasa, Japan)
14Disk-type weeder
(Tskasa, Japan)
15Performance of the disk-type weeder
Cultivation and Ridging
(Tskasa, Japan)
16Post-emergence harrowing principles of
selectivity
Adapted from Rasmussen (1991), Weed Research
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17Selectivity
Without pre-emergence flaming terrible situation
With pre-emergence flaming excellent situation
18Selectivity disk hilling in maize
Terrible situation
Excellent situation
19The crop gains a size advantage over the weeds
20Robotic weeding
Silsoe Research Institute, UK (www.sri.bbsrc.ac.uk
)
21Recent research in Europe
- Camera based
- Bontsema et al. NL (1998)
- Tillet Marschant UK (1998)
- Blasco et al. ES (2002)
- Bak Jacobsen DK (2004)
- Søgaard DK (2005)
- Åstrand SW (2005)
- Geo-positioning of crop seeds
- Griepentrog et al. DK (2005)
22Frank Poulsen Engineering
(www.fp-engin.dk)
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25Robotic weeding in transplanted salad (v.d.Weide
P. Bleeker (NL)) Robotic weeding in sugar beets
(Bontsema et al. (NL))
26Before inter-row hoeing
Weed Crop
27After inter-row hoeing
Weed Crop
28Influence of the distance between crop and weed
Adapted from Heisel et al. (2002), Weed Research
42, 406-413
29Mechanical weed control in sorghum and maize
Critical period of competition in maize
30Weed free period in cabbage and sugar beets
31Constrains or challenges
- Close-to-crop area
- High weed densities
- Occlusion or overlapping of crop and weeds
- Missing crop plants
- Colour changes over time
- Changes in growth stages over time
- Simultaneous emergence of crop and weeds
- Performances of weeding tools
32Status
Low tech. versus High tech.
Selectivity
Visibility Manipulation of crop growth to
create the ideal situation
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34Cabbage ?
Carrot ?
Onion ?
35Soils sterilisation in narrow bands using steam
36Camera for row detection
Our vision 1) Band-steaming for intra-row
control 2) Hoeing with an
automatic steering
system
for inter-row control
37Temperature profile
38Soil steaming laboratory study
39Sowing of crop seeds immediately after steaming
40Sugar beets in the bands
41- Prototype II in carrot
- weeding effectiveness 80-90 at 800C
- tendency for a higher marketable yield
- fuel consumption lt 400 l ha-1
42Summary of findings
- Maximum soil temperatures above 70oC leads to 90
control or more of most weed species higher
temperatures may be needed in the field situation - Maximum temperatures above 70oC appear to
eliminate the importance of soil type, soil
moisture content and large aggregates - Energy consumption may be lowered to 400 litre
fuel oil ha-1 - Steaming and crop sowing in the same pass seem
possible - Both positive and negative effects on non-target
organism have been seen
43Band-steamer, Sweden
250 m per hour 0.13 ha h-1 9 rows 560 l oil
ha-1 8000 l water ha-1 12 cm band / 4-5 cm depth