Strategies to

1
Strategies to Diversify Water Supply Options
Samer Adham, Ph.D. Managing Director, Global
Water Sustainability Center Doha, Qatar October
28, 2009
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Presentation Outline

• Global water sources and consumption
• Diversify water supply options
• Global Water Sustainability Center

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Global Fresh Water Distribution
Seawater 97 Freshwater 3
2.5 icecaps glaciers 0.5 available for
use Of that 0.5 99 groundwater 1 surface
water
Ref industry, fresh water and sustainable
development WBCSD UNEP, 1998
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Annual Renewable Water (m3/person/year)
5
Global Water Consumption
6
Agriculture
Percentage of Total Water Used for Irrigation
Qatar 59
US 35
AQUASTAT FAO's Information System on Water and
Agriculture, 2008
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Per Capita Use Of Water (Domestic)
246
Qatar
Dr Hassen Ibrahim Al Mohannadi, situations of
water resources in Qatar QSA workshop 2009.
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Diversifies Water Supply Portfolio
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Conservation

• Preventing loss from water supply distribution
  network
• Aggressive public awareness campaigns
• Residential improvements
• low flow toilets
• water saving home irrigation systems
• high efficiency washing machines
• efficient car washing
• Farms improvements
• drip irrigation
• metering of wells

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Water Recycling

• It is a must in arid climates !
• Tailored treatment to target end uses such as
• landscape irrigation
• Industrial use
• Aquifer/reservoir recharge
• Use of advanced technologies such as membranes
  and advanced oxidation

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Desalination

• Conservation and Recycling may not be enough to
  meet forecasted demands
• Groundwater Desalination
• Dependant on local situation
• Seawater Desalination
• Drought-proof source close to major cities
• Technology is improving
• Cost is becoming competitive

Membrane Desalination
Thermal Desalination
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Example West Basin Water Portfolio, California
Groundwater
Imported water
Conservation
Recycling
46
54
5
7
Ocean Desalination
Conservation
3
15
Groundwater
Recycling
Imported water
1990
Imported water
14
47
Heavy Dependence on Imported Supply
41
29
39
Groundwater
2005
2030
Nagel, R. et.al., NWRI/MFIV, 2006
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Water And The Petroleum Industry
Water touches most segments of the petroleum
industry
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Yearly Volume Estimates Produced Water

• 3 barrels of water for every barrel of oil
  produced
• Potential beneficial reuse options
• Enhanced oil recovery (reinjection)
• Drilling and completion of wells
• Commercial (cooling and process water)
• Steam generation for heavy oil
• Irrigation and livestock watering
• Future innovative options??

50
45
40
35
30
25
Volume
20
B bbls
15
10
5
0
Outside
US
US
Based on research by John Veil, Argonne
National Lab (USA)
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Global Water Sustainability Center (GWSC)
Refineries Water Assessments

• ConocoPhillips is establishing a GWSC
• at Qatar Science Technology Park
• ConocoPhillips and GE are collaborating
• on this endeavor.
• Planned research areas
• Desalination
• Produced water treatment
• Municipal and industrial water reuse
• Water visitor center
• Promote conservation
• Additional education programs

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Summary

• Integrated water resources is essential for
  sustainable developments
• Greater efforts are needed to enhance water
  conservation and recycling in the region
• By-product water from the petroleum industry
  should be investigated as an alternative water
  source

Lake Mead, Nevada
Thank You !
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Strategies to Diversify Water Supply Options
Samer Adham, Ph.D. Managing Director, Global
Water Sustainability Center Doha, Qatar October
28, 2009