Judaism

1
Judaism
Star of David
Menorah
Talmud
2
Judaism and its History

• Originated around the modern day area of Israel.
  (1300 B.C.)
• Spread from Israel to Europe, Asia and the United
  States.
• The Holocaust
• Is the primary religion of most current Israelis.

3
Sub-groups or Sects

• Orthodox Interpret the Torah literally, dress
  and customs adhered to strictly
• Conservative Interpret the Torah using
  intellectual standards
• Reform Interpret the Torah liberally using an
  emphasis on a personal relationship with god and
  living an ethical life.

4
God(s) and Prophets

• Yahweh (Jehovah) God
• Abraham Founder of the religion.
• Moses Prophet or leader of the Israelites

5
Holy Book / Rules

• Torah Basically the Old Testament of the
  Christian Bible.
• Talmud Jewish law, customs and traditions

6
Holy Cities

• Historically
• Jerusalem Capital of Israel
• Currently
• Jerusalem Although it is not the capital it is
  the primary religious center for the country of
  Israel.

7
Leaders / Clergy

• Rabbis

Orthodox
Reform
8
Religious Holidays

• Rosh Hashanah Jewish New Year
• Hanukkah Festival of Lights, commemorating a
  Jewish miracle.
• Passover Freedom of Jewish slaves from Egypt.
  (Moses)

9
Places of Worship
Synagogue
10
Christianity
Roman Catholic Crucifix
Methodist Cross
11
Christianity and its History

• Originated around the modern day area of Israel,
  as an offshoot of the Judaic or Jewish religion.
  (30 A.D.)
• Dominated most of Europe and in turn dominated
  European colonies.
• The Crusades
• Reformation (Martin Luther)
• Largest religion in the world.

12
Sub-groups or Sects

• Catholics
• Roman Catholics
• Eastern Orthodox (Greek/Russian Orthodox)
• Protestants
• Lutherans
• Baptists
• Mormons
• Etc.

13
God(s) and Prophets

• Jesus Christ The Son of God
• Moses Prophet or leader of the Israelites
• Joseph and Mary Parents of Jesus Christ

14
Holy Book / Rules

• Bible The most widely published book in the
  history of mankind.
• (Old Testament / New Testament)
• The 10 Commandments guides most religious
  doctrine.

15
Holy Cities

• Historically
• Jerusalem Capital of Israel
• Bethlehem Birthplace of Jesus Christ
• Nazareth Where Jesus Christ lived
• Currently
• Rome Current home of Vatican City
• The Popes Residence

16
Leaders / Clergy

• The Pope
• Cardinals and Bishops
• Priests
• Ministers / Deacons
• Nuns
• Monks / Friars

17
Religious Holidays

• Christmas The Birth of Jesus Christ
• Good Friday The crucifixion of Jesus
• Easter The resurrection of Jesus Christ
• Lent

18
Places of Worship
Church
Cathedral
19
Islam
The Hilal
20
Islam and its History

• Originated around the modern day area of Saudi
  Arabia. (600 A.D.)
• Spread from Saudi Arabia to Asia and Northern
  Africa.
• Crusades
• Conflict in the Middle East
• Second Largest Religion in the world.

21
Sub-groups or Sects

• Sunni
• 90 of the worlds Muslims are Sunni
• Sunnis generally believe that anyone can be a
  Muslim and everyone can have a relationship with
  Allah.
• Shiite
• 10 of the worlds Muslims are Shiite
• Shiites generally believe that only the
  descendents of Muhammad are worthy of
  interpreting the Quran.

22
God(s) and Prophets

• Allah God
• Muhammad The Prophet that received the
  revelations of Allah.

23
Holy Book / Rules

• Quran A book written by Muslims quoted from
  Allah through Muhammad's revelations.
• Five Pillars of Islam
• The Testimony of Faith (Shahadah)
• Ritual Prayer (Salat)
• The Paying of Alms (Zakat)
• Fasting on Ramadan (Sawm)
• The Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)

24
Holy Cities

• Jerusalem Pilgrimage site for Mohammed.
• Medina Burial place of Mohammed
• Mecca site of the required pilgrimage of every
  Muslim able to.

25
Leaders / Clergy

• Imams or laymen will sometimes supervise or lead
  the prayers.
• Mullah is a cleric or religious leader in some
  cases.

26
Religious Holidays

• Ramadan (Sacred Month) Fasting during daylight
  hours is observed.

27
Place of Worship
Mosque
28
Hinduism
29
Hinduism and its History

• Originated around the modern day area of India.
  (3200 B.C.)
• Has spread in the sub-continent of Asia.
• Is the basis for the development of Buddhism.
• Is the fourth largest religion in the world.

30
Sub-groups or Sects

• Vaishnavism Vishnu worshipers
• Shaivism Shiva worshipers
• Shaktism Mother goddess worshipers
• Smartism Brahma worshipers

31
God(s) and Prophets

• One god that presents itself in many different
  forms.
• Brahma Creator
• Ganesha Wise and virtuous (Elephant head)
• Vishnu Maintainer
• Shiva Destroyer

32
Holy Book(s) / Rules

• Vedas A collection of hundreds of books that
  explain a way to act and behave.
• Dharmas Four Goals of Life
• kama Sensual pleasure and enjoyment
• artha Worldly prosperity and success
• dharma Following the laws and rule that an
  individual lives under
• moksha Liberation from the cycle of life

33
Holy Cities or Places

• Ganges River
• Benares

34
Leaders / Clergy

• Sannyasis A holy man. Someone who may explain
  the way of life you should live. Similar to a
  Christian Minister or Islamic Imam.
• Guru Leader A guide rather than a leader of the
  religion. A small group or individual leader.

35
Religious Holidays

• Akshaya Tritiya A good luck holiday. A time to
  invest in things and to celebrate fortune.
• Vaisakhi Celebration of the new year as well as
  the beginning of harvest season.
• Deepavali Festival of lights, a celebration of
  goods triumph over evil.

36
Place of Worship
Hindu Shrine
37
Place of Worship
Hindu Shrine
38
Buddhism
39
Buddhism and its History

• Originated around the modern day area of Northern
  India. (480 B.C.)
• Has spread in the sub-continent of Asia
  specifically China.
• Is the third largest religion in the world.
• Dalai Lama considered one of the leading
  spiritual leaders of one sect of Buddhists.

40
Subgroups / Sects

• Southern (Theravada) Buddhism Laos, Thailand,
  Cambodia
• Eastern (East Asian) Buddhism China, Japan,
  Korea
• Northern (Tibetan) Buddhism Tibet and Northern
  India, Nepal

41
God(s) and Prophets

• Siddhartha Gautama, later renamed Buddha reached
  enlightenment or the total perfection of living.
  
• Buddha Not god, a teacher who can show people
  the way to live their life.

42
Holy Book(s) / Rules

• The Vinaya Pitaka, containing disciplinary rules
  of Buddhism
• The Sutra Pitaka contains the actual discourses
  of the Buddha.
• The Abhidharma Pitaka contains commentaries or
  writings about Buddha's teachings.

43
Holy Book(s) / Rules cont.

• Four Noble Truths
• Suffering
• The cause of suffering
• The cessation of suffering
• The way leading to the cessation or end of
  suffering

44
Holy Book(s) / Rules cont.

• Eightfold Path
• Right Speech
• Right Actions
• Right Livelihood
• Right Effort/Exercise
• Right Mindfulness/Awareness
• Right Concentration
• Right Thoughts
• Right Understanding

45
Holy Cities and Places

• Sarnath Where Buddha first taught
• Lumbini Buddhas birth place
• Buddh-Gaya Where Buddha first was enlightened
• Kusinara Buddhas place of death

46
Leaders / Clergy

• Monks
• Lamas (Dali Lama)
• Buddhist Nuns

47
Religious Holidays

• Vesak Buddhas Birthday
• Asalha Puja Celebrates Buddhas first sermon.
• Uposatha Buddhist day of atonement. One day a
  week where Buddhist are to admit their mistakes
  and recommit themselves to the way.

48
Places of Worship
Buddhist Temple