12 to TAKS topic Seven:

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12 to TAKS- topic Seven Objective 8c Objective
3 4c,d Classification, Bacteria, and Viruses
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Organisms are classified into categories based on
physical and biochemical characteristics. The
largest and least specific category is a Kingdom.
There are 6 kingdoms of life (scientists argue
about this). Organisms are then placed into more
specific groups in this orderKingdom, phylum,
class, order, family, genus, species. This
naming system designed by Linnaeus uses Latin.
Animals are called by there genus and species
name, with the genus capitalized. Tyranosaurous
rex
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Animals in the same species are more closely
related than those in the same genus or family,
etc.
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Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus or membrane
bound organelles, only ribosomes, a cell wall and
a loop of DNA. Eukaryotic cells are larger and
more advanced, having a nucleus, ER, golgi, etc.
Viruses are not classified as cells. They have
only a protein coat and a piece of DNA or RNA.
They are unable to reproduce without a host cell.

Virus (many times smaller than bacteria)
Prokaryotic Bacteria cell
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Bacterial diseases Treatable with
Antibiotics! Streptococcus Round cluster
bacteria that cause dangerous infections in
humans (Strep throat, scarlet fever) Diphtheria
Deadly bacterial infection that can be prevented
by vaccination (DPT) E. coli Bacteria found
naturally in the large intestine that provides
nutrients for humans Rhizobium Bacteria that
live in soil that transform atmospheric nitrogen
and turn it into useful nutrients (nitrates) for
plants Lactobacillus Bacteria used to make
yogurt and other dairy products.
E. coli
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Viral diseases Not Treatable with
Antibiotics! Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
transmitted sexually and in blood products, the
HIV virus attacks the Helper T cells of the
immune system, causing infections that lead to
death. Influenza The flu virus mutates quickly
so a new vaccine is offered every year.
Smallpox A deadly disease causing terrible
scars that was wiped out by widespread
vaccination several decades ago. Warts
blister-like bumps caused by viruses in the skin.
The common cold Spread by contact.
Influenza
Polio
Measles
Mumps
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Bacteria
Viruses