Functionalism

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Chapter 11 Functionalism
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Stage One Moral and Mental Philosophy
(1640-1776) Stage Two Intellectual Philosophy
(1776-1886) Stage Three U.S. Renaissance
(1886-1896) Stage Four Functionalism (1896 to
present)
1842-1910
1. James crisis 2. Pragmatism 3. Opposition
to Wundt 4. Stream of consciousness 5. Habits
instincts 6. The self 7. Emotions 8. Free will
9. Contributions
William James
1863-1916
1. Applied psychology clinical, forensic,
industrial 2. Fate
Hugo Munsterberg
1863-1930
1. Wellesley 2. Paired associate technique
Mary Calkins
1844-1924
1. President of Clark U., APA 2. Firsts of GSH
3. Recapitulation theory
G Stanley Hall
1895-1954
1. Halls last grad student 2. Howard U. 3.
Kenneth B. Clark (1914)
Francis Cecil Sumner
1859-1952
1. Founding father of progressivism 2. Behavior
and reflexes
John Dewey
1869-1949
James Rowland Angell
1873-1954
Harvey Carr
1860-1944
James McKeen Cattell
1869-1962
Robert S. Woodworth
1874-1949
Edward Lee Thorndike
1871-1939
Margaret Floy Washburn
1900
1875
1850
1825
1800
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• Briefly describe the four stages of U.S.
  psychology. 307-309
• What are the major themes that characterized
  functionalistic psychology? 8 of them--309
• What was the personal crisis that James
  experienced, and how did he resolve it? 311
• Why was Jamess approach to psychology called
  radical empiricism? 311
• Define pragmatism. 311
• For James, what are the major characteristics of
  consciousness? 5 of them--313
• Make the case that Jamess criticisms of
  elementism were more applicable to Titcheners
  version of psychology than to Wundts. 312-313
• How, according to James, did habits develop?
  What did he mean when he referred to habits as
  the enormous fly wheel of society? What advice
  did he give for developing good habits? 5 of
  them-315
• How did James distinguish between the empirical
  self and the self as knower? Include in your
  answer a definition of the material self, the
  social self, and the spiritual self. 315
• What did James mean by self-esteem? What,
  according to James, could be done to enhance
  ones self-esteem? 315-316
• Summarize the James-Lange theory of emotion.
  How, according to James, could one escape or
  avoid negative emotions such as depression?
  316-317
• What did James mean by voluntary behavior? How
  did he account for such behavior? 317
• What, according to James, are the important
  differences between tender-minded and
  tough-minded individuals? How did he suggest
  pragmatism could be used to resolve the
  differences between the two types of individuals?
  318
• Compare Jamess analysis of voluntary behavior
  with that of Munsterberg. 319, col 2, midway
• Summarize Munsterbergs work in clinical,
  forensic, and industrial psychology. 319-321
• What was Munsterbergs fate? 321
• Describe the difficulties that Calkins had in
  attaining her graduate school education.
  Summarize her accomplishments in spite of these
  difficulties. 321-322

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• Describe Halls recapitulation theory.
• Why was Hall opposed to coeducation at the
  secondary and college levels?
• Why were the views of women held by Titchener,
  Munsterberg, and Hall considered paradoxical?
• List Halls firsts in psychology.
• Summarize Kenneth B. Clarks efforts to bring
  about racial equality in the United States and
  indicate why his efforts were controversial.
• What was Deweys criticism of the analysis of
  behavior in terms of reflexes? What did he
  propose instead? What part did Deweys work play
  in the development of functionalism?
• In his address The Province of Functional
  Psychology, what important distinctions did
  Angell make between structuralism and
  functionalism?
• What did Carr mean by an adaptive act? How did
  Carr contribute to the development of
  functionalism?
• In what way(s) was Cattells approach to
  psychology different from that of other
  functionalists?
• Why was Woodworths approach to psychology called
  dynamic psychology? Why did Woodworth prefer an
  S-O-R explanation of behavior over an S-R
  explanation?
• What was Morgans canon, and why did he propose
  it?
• What was Washburns primary goal in studying
  animal behavior? In what way was her approach an
  improvement over those of Romanes and Morgan?
• Why did Thorndikes research represent a major
  shift in emphasis among comparative
  psychologists?
• What major conclusions did Thorndike reach
  concerning the nature of the learning process?
• Why was Thorndikes theory referred to as
  connectionism?
• Describe Thorndikes laws of exercise and effect
  before and after 1929.
• How did Thorndikes theory of the transfer of
  training differ from the earlier theory based on
  faculty psychology?
• Explain why Thorndike is viewed as a transitional
  figure between the schools of functionalism and
  behaviorism.
• What was functionalisms fate?

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