Unit 3: Achieving Independence

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Unit 3 Achieving Independence

• Chapter 6 The American Revolution
• Section 1 The Countdown to War

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Quick Review from Unit 2

• England had fought a series of costly wars (4)
• To get money, England was trying to make money
  off the colonies / colonists
• The colonists felt King George was mismanaging
  his money and making the colonies pay for his
  mistakes.
• Were the colonists justified in their feelings
  towards England?

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Independence

• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Responsibilities

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1/3 1/3 1/3 Rule

• 1/3 of the people living in the colonies were
  proud to be a part of England and the British
  Empire.
• 1/3 of the people living in the colonies hated
  the British and wanted to be rid of them.
• 1/3 of the people living in the colonies really
  didnt care either way it was no big deal.

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But After the French and Indian War. things got
a lot worse.

• So. American colonists began to protest
• Protests
• Petitions (23) (next slide)
• Boycotts (24) (next slide)
• Raise a militia (mob action)
• Speeches
• Letters
• Groups united against English actions

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Definitions

• Petition (23) A formal list of signatures
  to begin a process of protest or
  change.
• Boycott (24) To refuse to buy a product or
  service as a protest.

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Some English actions

• Restricted colonial western movement
• The Sugar Act
• The Currency Act
• The Quartering Act
• The Stamp Act
• The Townshend Acts

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Unit 3Achieving Independence

• Chapter 6 The American Revolution
• Section 2 Declaring Independence

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Declaration of Independence (79)The Constitution
(151)
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Time Line

• 1754-1763 French and Indian War
• 1764 The Currency Act
• 1765 The Quartering Act
• 1765 Stamp Act
• 1767 The Townshend Acts (lead, tea, paper,
  glass, paint)
• 1770 Boston Massacre
• 1773 Boston Tea Party
• 1774 First Continental Congress meets
• 1775 First Battles (Lexington and Concord)
• Paul Revere The British are
  coming
• George Washington to form and
  lead an army
• 1776 Declaration of Independence

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At first colonists were fighting to change the
laws.

• Later, they decided they had to fight for
  independence.
• The colonists made a resolution (4)
• a formal statement of someones desire to do
  something

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They then made a declaration (5)

• A public statement
• This declaration was written mostly by Thomas
  Jefferson ( 4 others?)

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Anyone who signed the declaration was guilt of
treason (12) against the government of England

• Trying to overthrow the government
• (punishable by death in 1776)

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Declaration of Independencehas 5 main parts

• Introduction
• New Theory (20) of Government
• List of Grievances
• Response of the Colonists
• Conclusion
• Theory (20) idea or opinion about something
• Wait a second

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Thomas Jefferson
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Unit 3Achieving Independence

• Chapter 6 The American Revolution
• Section 3 The Revolutionary War

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At the beginning of the American Revolution

• The colonists were fighting for
• Their rights under English law
• A revision (change) of certain laws
• Remember too Just writing the Declaration of
  Independence did not make the colonies an
  independent country they had to have a
  revolution (4)
• (trying to overthrow a government)

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On page 88 in our book

• A first person account of life as a soldier
  during the American Revolution
• (also sometimes called a primary source)
• Advantages and disadvantages of these are
• X X X X X

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During this war (as in any war), both sides had
advantages and disadvantages

• English Advantages
• Had a better trained army.
• Had a better equipped army.
• Had a good Navy
• American Advantages
• They were fighting on their own land.
• Fighting for a cause they believed in.
• Got help from France.
• Knew the most effective methods of fighting

• English Disadvantages
• 1/3 of Americans favored the revolution.
• Not enough money to pay for all the soldiers
  supplies or food.
• Fighting 3000 miles from home.
• Many English at home opposed another war.
• American Disadvantages
• Poorly trained army.
• Most Indians helped the English.
• Some Colonists were loyalists (18) Colonists on
  the British side during the revolution

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Who won the war?

• Results
• American independence from England.
• America was given all of Englands land between
  the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River.
• Americans could fish off the coast of
  Newfoundland.

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•  
•      According to legend, on June 14, 1777 the
  first flag with 13 stars and 13 stripes was made
  by Betsy Ross. The Continental Congress agreed
  that it should be used as the symbol of American
  Freedom.  We now celebrate June 14th as Flag Day
  every year.

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Unit 3Achieving Independence

• Chapter 7 After Independence
• Section 1 The New Governments

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What does independence mean to you as a person?

• Good things

• Bad things

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What does independence mean for a country /
government?

• Some new responsibilities
• Borrow and coin money
• Deal with other countries
• War / Peace / Defense issues
• Develop and maintain an Army/Navy
• Develop a system of weights and measures
• Develop a Post Office / communications
• Figure out ways to deal with Indians
• Settle disputes between states
• Develop a system to maintain peace and order.

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The country needed a constitution (7) a written
plan for government

• Individual states needed their own constitutions.
• They gave very little power to their governors.
• Voting was limited to property owners (rich white
  men).
• Had to develop a Bill of Rights (11) a list
  of peoples rights that the government must
  protect.

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Our first new plan for running the United States
of AmericaThe Articles of Confederation

• This plan pretty much set up the new government
  to run completely opposite of everything England
  and King George had done in running the colonies.

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Also, one result of winning the revolution was
more land

• What should the country do with it?
• The first place open to settlement was an area
  called the Northwest Territory
• A territory (30) an area of land which has not
  yet been developed.

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The Northwest Territory
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• The Ordinance of July 13, 1787 provided "...there
  shall be formed in said territory, not less than
  three nor more than five states..." The original
  boundaries were defined as Eastern State
  (numbers 1,2,3,4) Middle State (numbers
  5,6,7,8,9) and Western State (numbers
  10,11,12,13,14,15). These divisions are marked by
  broken lines on the map.

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The big thing was

• This territory would be set up
• As new states
• (not as colonies to the new country of America)
• With democratic governments
• Democratic (23) people being allowed to make
  their own decisions

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Unit 3 Achieving Independence

• Chapter 7 After Independence
• Section 2 Unrest in the States

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After the American Revolution the United States
had a lot of big problems

• Most of them centered around money
• The United States was deeply in debt and couldnt
  repay its loans.
• Most Americans were poor subsistence farmers and
  had very little hard money (5) actual money
  in the 1700s this was gold and silver
• Most of the wealthy English that were living in
  the colonies went back to England after the war,
  and took their things with them.

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So, the country entered into an economic
depression (13)

• A long and/or big decline in business and money
  related businesses.
• Very little money to spend.
• Many people lose their jobs.
• Bartering (17) is used using goods or services -
  rather than money to get what you need.
• Many people lose property and/or money

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There was even another rebellion within the
country (Shays Rebellion)

• When too many farmers became debtors (20) a
  person who owes something to another person /
  company
• And owed too much money and lost their farms to
  creditors (21) a person who is owed money or
  property.

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The leaders of the country decide something had
to be done

• They had to try and rescue the government
• and change the Articles of Confederation
• (which werent working well)
• So. They held a special convention (27) any
  kind of a meeting for a specific purpose

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What if todaywe heard

• Top United States officials are going to meet in
  secret for the next month or so to discuss the
  major changes that are going to be made in how
  our country is going to be run.

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Closed door meetings have

• Advantages
• People can voice new ideas with no one
  interfering.
• A small group can come up with a specific plan.
• Special interest groups cannot control the
  outcome (lobbyists?)

• Disadvantages
• Special groups might be able to control the
  outcome without being held accountable to all
  kinds of views.
• All groups may not be represented.
• No one to ask.. What if . ?

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