Henderson

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Standards v. RealityLevels of Service for
Impact Fees

Henderson,Young Company
October 6, 2005
graphics byPacific Rim Resources
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The Issue

• Standards benchmarks or goals for level of
  service
• Reality actual level of service
• Reality rarely Standard

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Some National Sources of Standards

• Parks NRPA
• Library ALA
• Fire Protection NFPA, ISO

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Some Other Sources of Standards
State laws and rules
Local codes, ordinances, and regulations
Local master plans or comprehensive plans
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Standards v. Reality3 Possible Outcomes
Surplus Equilibrium Deficiency

• Reality gt Standard
• Reality Standard
• Reality lt Standard

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Standards v. RealitySuggested Approaches
Use Standard Use Standard Use Reality

• Reality gt Standard
• Reality Standard
• Reality lt Standard

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Some Issues

• 1. Standards that are ranges
• 2. Windfall raises reality
• 3. Impact fee zones
• 4. Outcome standards infrastructure
• 5. No standards are available

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Some Interesting Experiences

• Two standards adopted v. desired
• Standard reality committed future
• Improvements list to deliver standard
• Local funding of state standard