Physics 160 Biomechanics

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Physics 160 Biomechanics

• Anatomy Review

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Anterior Leg Muscles

• Adductor group
• Quadriceps group
• -vastus lateralis
• -rectus femoris
• -vastus medials
• Tibialis anterior
• Sartorius
• Soleus
• Gastrocnemius

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Anterior Leg Muscles

• H. Adductor group
• Quadriceps group
• C.-vastus lateralis
• B.-rectus femoris
• D.-vastus medials
• F.Tibialis anterior
• A.Sartorius
• G. Soleus
• E.Gastrocnemius

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Posterior Leg Muscles

• Soleus
• Gastrocnemius
• Hamstring group
• -semitendinosus
• -biceps femoris
• -semimembranosus
• Gluteus maximus
• Gluteus minimum

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Posterior Leg Muscles

• G. Soleus
• F.Gastrocnemius
• Hamstring group
• C.-semitendinosus
• D. -biceps femoris
• E.semimembranosus
• A.Gluteus maximus
• B. Gluteus minimum

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Anterior Torso/Arm Muscles

• Biceps brachii
• Brachioradialis
• Internal oblique
• External oblique
• Rectus abdominis
• Pectoralis minor
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Trapezius
• Pectoralis major
• Deltoid

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Anterior Torso/Arm Muscles

• M.Biceps brachii
• L. Brachioradialis
• H. Internal oblique
• G. External oblique
• F. Rectus abdominis
• E. Pectoralis minor
• D. Sternocleidomastoid
• C. Trapezius
• B. Pectoralis major
• A. Deltoid

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Posterior Torso/Arm Muscles

• Deltoid
• Trapezius
• Gluteus maximus
• External obliques
• Triceps brachii
• Latissimus dorsi
• Rhomboideus
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus

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Posterior Torso/Arm Muscles

• A.Deltoid
• C. Trapezius
• F. Gluteus maximus
• G. External obliques
• B. Triceps brachii
• D. Latissimus dorsi
• E. Rhomboideus
• H. Supraspinatus
• I. Infraspinatus

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Spinal Column and Vertebra
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Bone Composition and Structure
There are two basic structural types of bone,
compact (cortical) and spongy(cancellous or
trabecular). Compact bone forms the outer shell
of all bone and also the shafts in long bones.
Porosity lt 15 Spongy bone is found at the
expanded heads of long bones and fills most
irregular bones. Porosity gt 70
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Biomechanical Behavior of Bone
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Biomechanical Behavior of Bone
Ultimate stress for human adult cortical bone
specimens Shaded area indicates ultimate stress
for trabecular bone
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Tibial Strain Rates

• Tension (left), Compression (middle), Shear
  (right)

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Bone Functions

• A. Long bones serve as levers. B. Short bones
  offer support and shock absorption. C. Flat
  bones protect and offer large muscular attachment
  sites. D. Irregular bones have specialized
  functions. E. Sesamoid bones alter the angle of
  muscular insertion.

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Types of Joints

• Diarthrodial joints
• Nonaxial (plane or gliding)
• Uniaxial (hinge, pivot)
• Biaxial (condylar, ellipsoid, saddle)
• Triaxial (ball and socket)

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Types of Muscles