Hydrologic Setup of the DSHVM for Rainy Creek

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Hydrologic Setup of the DSHVM for Rainy Creek

• Colleen O. Doten
• August 18, 2004

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Outline

• Digital Elevation Map
• Soil Types
• Vegetation Types
• Soil Depth
• Streams
• Roads
• Meteorological Forcings
• Hydrology Results

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Digital Elevation Model

• 30-m resolution
• 49,085 grid cells
• Elevation range 630 to 2150 m
• Processed to fill sinks in four directions and
  ensure flat areas drained

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Rainy Creek Soils
Soil Types
Loamy sand Sandy Loam Fine Sandy
Loam Loam Organic Bedrock Water Fragmented Rock
Provided by USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest
Research Station and Wenatchee Forestry Sciences
Laboratory
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Rainy Creek Vegetation
Vegetation Types
COLD_int1,3 COOL_int1,2,3 DRY_int1,2,3 DRY_ofms2,3
Forest_si1,2,3 MOIST_int1,2,3 Grassland Shrubland
Water Rock Barren
Impervious fraction 0.0 RPC (W/m2) 10 Mass
release drip ratio 0.4 Snow interception
efficiency 0.6 Vapor pressure deficit (Pa) 4000
OS Moisture threshold 0.33 US Moisture
threshold 0.13 OS monthly albedo 0.2 US monthly
albedo 0.2
Provided by USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest
Research Station and Wenatchee Forestry Sciences
Laboratory
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Rainy Creek Vegetation
Provided by USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest
Research Station and Wenatchee Forestry Sciences
Laboratory
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Rainy Creek Soil Depth
Depth, m

• Range 0.1 to 2.0 m
• Average Depth1.54 m

Provided by USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest
Research Station and Wenatchee Forestry Sciences
Laboratory
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Streams Processing Steps

• Created network based on 4 ha support area
• createstreamnetwork.amlcreates
• stream.network.dat
• stream.map.dat
• Created stream.class.dat
• resel slope lt .002 and segorder ge 50 and
  segorder lt 100
• calc chanclass 3
• calc hyddepth 1.5
• calc hydwidth 3.0

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Stream Statistics
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More on Stream Processing

• Some segments were not in the valley bottom
  (based on flow accumulation from the DEM)
• Short segments

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Roads Processing Steps I

• Cleaned up File
• Assigned class to segment without a class
• Removed segments outside the basin
• Removed segments that overlapped
• Removed duplicate segments
• Removed extra nodes not associated with changes
  in class ID

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Roads Processing Steps II

• Ran createroadbreak.aml
• Breaks road network at sinks and divides
• createroadnetwork.aml creates
• road.network.dat
• road.map.dat
• Ran fixroads
• Assign culverts at stream crossings and low
  points in the network
• Created road.class.dat

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Rainy Creek Roads
Density 1.05 km/km2 Road Surface Area 0.23
km2 No. Culverts 284 Culvert locations stream
crossings (91) road low points (193) Road
Segments 332
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Road Classes
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Road Statistics
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Met Forcings

• Precipitation, temperature, and windspeed were
  taken from the nearest 1/8 degree grid cell
  (latitude 47. 8125, longitude -121.0625,
  elevation 1286.86 m) in the continental dataset
  of Maurer et al. (2002).
• Precipitation and temperature in this dataset
  were interpolated from station observations, and
  daily windspeed was obtained from the NCEP/NCAR
  Reanalysis (Kalnay et al., 1996).

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Met Forcings

• Relative humidity, shortwave radiation and
  longwave radiation were derived from
  precipitation and temperature as described by
  Maurer et al. (2002).
• Time series was then adjusted to each of the
  DHSVM grid cells by
• lapsing temperature at -0.006 C/m
• precipitation at 0.0007 m/m
• 
  
• METEOROLOGY SECTION
• 
  
• METEOROLOGY Meteorological stations
• Number of Stations 1 Number of meteorological
  stations
• Station Name 1 VIC_84480 Name for station 1
• North Coordinate 1 764833.6 North coordinate
  of station 1
• East Coordinate 1 395901.0 East coordinate
  of station 1
• Elevation 1 1286.86 Elevation of station 1
  in m

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Hydrology Results I - Streamflow
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Hydrology Results I - SWE
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Hydrology Results II
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Hydrology ResultsMonthly Stream Flow
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Hydrology ResultsMonthly Stream Flow
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References

• Bowling, L.C. and D.P. Lettenmaier, 2001 The
  effects of forest roads and harvest on catchment
  hydrology in a mountainous maritime environment,
  In Wigmosta, M.S. and S.J. Burges, (eds), Land
  Use and Watersheds Human Influence on Hydrology
  and Geomorphology in Urban and Forest Areas, AGU
  Water Science and Application Volume 2, p.
  145-164.
• Bowling, L.C., and D.P. Lettenmaier, 1997
  Evaluation of the effects of forest roads on
  streamflow in Hard and Ware Creeks, Washington,
  Water Resources Series Technical Report No. 155,
  Department of Civil and Environmental
  Engineering, University of Washington.
• Daly, C., G.H. Taylor, and W.P. Gibson, 1997 The
  PRISM approach to mapping precipitation and
  temperature, In reprints 10th Conf. on Applied
  Climatology, Reno, NV, American Meteorological
  Society, 10-12.
• Daly, C., R.P. Neilson, and D.L. Phillips, 1994
  A statistical-topographic model for mapping
  climatological precipitation over mountainous
  terrain, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 33,
  140-158.
• Kalnay, E. and Coauthors, 1996 The NCEP/NCAR
  40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor.
  Soc., 77, 437-471.
• LaMarche, J., and D.P. Lettenmaier, 2001 Effects
  of Forest Roads on Flood Flows in the Deschutes
  Basin, Washington, Earth Surf. Process.
  Landforms, 26, 115-134..
• Maurer, E.P., A.W. Wood, J.C. Adam, D.P.
  Lettenmaier, and B. Nijssen, 2002 A long-term
  hydrologically-based data set of land surface
  fluxes and states for the conterminous United
  States, Journal of Climate, 15, 3237-3251.
• Montgomery, D.R., K. Sullivan, and H.M.
  Greenberg, 1998 Regional test of a model for
  shallow landsliding, Hydrol. Process., 12,
  943-955.
• Schmidt, K.M., J.J. Roering, J.J. Stock, W.E.
  Dietrich, D.R. Montgomery, and T. Schaub, 2001
  Root cohesion variability and shallow landslide
  susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range, Can.
  Geotech, J., 38, 995-1024.
• Storck P., and D.P. Lettenmaier, 2000 Trees,
  snow and flooding An investigation of forest
  canopy effects on snow accumulation and melt at
  the plot and watershed scales in the Pacific
  Northwest, Water Resources Series Technical
  Report No. 161, Department of Civil and
  Environmental Engineering, University of
  Washington.
• Storck, P., L. Bowling, P. Wetherbee and D.
  Lettenmaier, 1998 Application of a GIS-based
  distributed hydrology model for prediction of
  forest harvest effects on peak stream flow in the
  Pacific Northwest, Hydro. Process., 12, 889-904.
• Tarboton D.G., R.L. Bras, and I.
  Rodriguez-Iturbe, 1991 On the Extraction of
  Channel Networks from Digital Elevation Data,
  Hydrol. Process., 5, 81-100.
• Wigmosta, M.S. and W.A. Perkins, 2001 Simulating
  the effects of forest roads on watershed
  hydrology, In Land Use and Watersheds Human
  Influence on Hydrology and Geomorphology in Urban
  and Forest Areas, M.S. Wigmosta and S.J. Burgess
  (eds), AGU Water Science and Application, V.2, p.
  127-143.

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Model Constants

• 
  
• CONSTANTS SECTION
• 
  
• CONSTANTS
  Model constants
• Ground Roughness 0.02 Roughness of soil
  surface (m)
• Snow Roughness 0.01 Roughness of
  snow surface (m)
• Rain Threshold 0. Minimum
  temperature at which rain
• occurs (C) minor decrease in snow
  from 0
• Snow Threshold 0.5 Maximum
  temperature at which snow occurs (C)
• Snow Water Capacity 0.03 Snow liquid
  water holding capacity (fraction)
• Reference Height 43.0 Reference
  height (m)
• Rain LAI Multiplier 0.0001 LAI Multiplier
  for rain interception
• Min Intercepted Snow 0.005 Intercepted
  snow that can only be melted (m)

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Run Time Statistics

• Hydrology, fast computer (2133 mHz)
• Rainy Creek
• 49,085 active pixels
• 0.6 hour/yr (w/o roads)
• Little Wenatchee
• 291,169 active pixels
• 3.75 hours/year (w/o roads)
• Sediment module, fast computer (2133 mHz)
• Rainy Creek
• 3.75 hours/year w/o roads
• 4 hours/year w/ roads
• Little Wenatchee (w/o roads)

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