Population Dynamics in Latin America

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Population Dynamics in Latin America
Hunter Pomeroy IAFF190

• By Jorge A. Brea

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Jorge A. Brea
Degrees Ph.D. Ohio State University, 1986  M.A.
University of Maryland, 1983  B.A. University of
Pittsburgh, 1980 Research Interests Latin
America  Population Socioeconomic
Development Teaching  Geo 121 Cultures of the
World Geo 320 Population Geography Geo 340 Urban
Geography Geo 373 Latin America   Study Abroad
- Dominican Republic
http//www.cst.cmich.edu/units/geo/brea.htm
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Lisa Benton-Short Presentation GWU 2006
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Latin America
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Intro

• Latin America experienced explosive population
  growth in mid 20th century
• High birth rates
• Declining death rates
• Between 1950-2000 population tripled
• Growth concentrated in urban areas

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Early Population Change

• Catastrophic decline 1492-1650
• Slow growth 1650-1850
• Moderate growth 1850-1950
• Rapid Growth 1950-2000
• Projected future population
• From 508 million in 2000 to 802 million in 2050

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Lisa Benton-Short Presentation GWU 2006
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Demographic Transition

• 4 Stages of Transition
• 1) Incipient Transition
• Birth rates and death rates are high little net
  population growth
• Bolivia and Haiti
• 2) Moderate Transition
• Death rates begin to decline as living standards
  and health care improve increasing rates of
  population growth
• El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and
  Paraguay

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Demographic Transition cont.

• 3) Transition in Progress
• Birth rates decline, usually in association with
  urbanization and economic change population
  growth rate begins to drop
• Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico,
  Panama, Peru, the Dominican Republic, and
  Venezuela
• 4) Advanced Transition
• Bellow average fertility, mortality, and rates of
  natural increase most urbanized in Latin
  America
• Cuba, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay

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Lisa Benton-Short Presentation GWU 2006
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Mortality

• Mortality decline began in most of the region
  after World War II
• At the end of the 20th century the regional death
  rate was 6 per 1,000, and only Haiti had a death
  rate above 10
• The risk of a woman dying from pregnancy or
  complications of childbirth decreased by 54
  between 1970 and 1989

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Fertility Trends

• The use of family planning has been widely
  adopted in Latin America, which enabled the rapid
  decline in fertility
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR) the average number
  of children born per woman
• Factors that effect TFR
• Level of education
• Socioeconomic status
• Urban vs. Rural
• Culture

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Fertility Trends cont.

• 1960-1965 TFR of Latin America was approximately
  6.0
• Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican
  Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela
  had high fertility rates during the early 1960s
  and experienced a major decline in the late
  1960s and early 1970s
• By 2002 the TFR was bellow 3.0 in all countries
  except Ecuador and the Dominican Republic.

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Age Structure

• Affects and is affected by
• Mortality
• Fertility
• Migration
• Is important for planning social services and for
  measuring and projecting
• school enrollment, labor force, and the
  economically dependent population

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Lisa Benton-Short Presentation GWU 2006
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Population Movement

• International Migration
• During 20th century went from being destination
  for international migrants to being a major
  source of migrants to other regions, mostly North
  America
• Latino population in the US reached 35 million by
  2000 (13 of US population)

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Future Growth and Change

• Latin American fertility is expected to continue
  to decline, with the TFR evening out at
  replacement level (2.1 children per woman)
  between 2025 and 2030
• Infant mortality rate is expected to decline,
  from 35 deaths per 1,000 to less than 10 in 2050
• Life expectancy to increase from 70 to 79

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Lisa Benton-Short Presentation GWU 2006
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http//gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/population/report.htm
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http//gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/population/report.htm
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http//gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/population/report.htm
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