The Cell 101

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The Cell 101

• The Magic of Cells

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Prokaryotic Cell

• Bacteria
• Spiral
• Rod
• Spherical
• Primitive
• Generally small in size
• All are unicellular

http//www.alken-murray.com/BioInfo1-05.html
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Eukaryotic Cell

• Highly organized

• Unicellular
• Multicellular
• Tissue
• Organs
• Organ systems

www.nobel.se/medicine/educational/ poster/1999/
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Cell Membrane Structure

• Phospholipid bilayer
• 2 layers of lipids (fats)

• Hydrophobic- water hating
• Hydrophilic- water loving

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Fluid mosaic model
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Cell Membrane Function

• Boundary
• Communication with other cells
• Protection
• Semi-permeable- allows materials into and out of
  cell.
• Maintain homeostasis

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Cytoplasm Structure

• Structure
• Goo like substance
• Area between cell membrane and nucleus
• Contains organelles

• Function
• Supports organelles

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Cytoskeleton

• Structure
• Microtubules-

• Function
• Provides support
• Cytokinesis- Assists during cell division

cytoskeleton
www.ibri.org/51fitplace.htm
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Nuclear envelope Nuclear pore Chromosomes nucle
olus
www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/
tutorials/pev/page3.html
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Nucleus Structure

• Structure
• Nuclear envelope
• Membrane that surrounds nucleus
• Nuclear pore-
• Allows materials into/out of nucleus

• Function
• Brain of cell
• Controls all functions of the cell
• Contains all genetic information
• Stored on chromosomes

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Nucleolus

• Structure
• Ball inside nucleus

• Function
• Makes ribosomes

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Chromosomes

• Structure
• Centromere- connects the 2 chromatids
• Function
• Contain genetic information

www.micro.utexas.edu/.../bio304/
genetics/genetics.html
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure

• Rough ER
• Membranous folds
• Located around nucleus
• FUNCTION
• Processing Plant

• Smooth ER
• Membranous folds
• Located next to Rough ER
• NO ribosomes

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Ribosomes

• Structure
• Round balls found on Rough ER
• Free ribosomes floating in cytoplasm

• Function
• makes proteins

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Golgi Apparatus Structure

• Structure
• Layered stacks of membranes
• Looks like a stack of pancakes
• Golgi Vesicles- packaged materials

• Function
• Collects, packages, and transports materials

www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/
tutorials/pev/page3.html
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Lysosomes

• Structure
• Hollow sac
• Contains digestive enzymes
• More than one per cell

• Function
• Animal cells
• Break down molecules
• Scavengers
• Recycle worn out cell parts

www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/
tutorials/pev/page3.html
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animal cell vacuole

• Structure
• Hollow Sac
• Contains water, wastes, molecules
• Small in size
• numerous

• Function
• Storage site

vacuole
www.troy.k12.ny.us/faculty/smithda/
Pages/rhcellquiz.html
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Mitochondria function

• Provides energy to the cell
• Powerhouse
• Contains own DNA
• Evolution of eukaryotes

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Mitochondria structure

• Double membrane
• Cristae- folded membranes
• Chemical reactions take place here

micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/ animals/mitochondria.h
tml
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Centriole

• Structure
• 2 rod shaped structures
• Located at 90s to each other
• Each structure is made of microtubules

• Function
• Assists in cell division
• Animal cells only

www.funhousefilms.com/ sciencpg.htm
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Cilia and flagella

• Cilia
• Moves materials past the cell
• Numerous in number

• Flagella
• Moves the cell forward
• Whip-like tail
• Regular beat

sun.menloschool.org/cweaver/ cells/e/cilia_flagel
la/
www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/
cells/cellstruc.htm
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Plant cell structures

• Large single vacuoles
• Chloroplasts
• Plastids
• Cell walls

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Large Central Vacuole

• Structure
• One large vacuole
• Filled with water

• Function
• Store materials
• Turgor pressure- when full, pushes against cell
  wall.
• Structural support
• If dry, plants wilt

www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/ MBG/MBG3/Vac.01A.htm
l
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Chloroplast Structure

• Chlorophyll- green pigment
• Gives plants their color
• Thylakoid -contains chlorophyll
• Granum- stack of thylakoid membranes
• Stroma - liquid inside chloroplast

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www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/
pages/chloroplast.html
micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/ plants/chloroplasts.ht
ml
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Chloroplast Function

• Plant cells
• Chlorophyll gives plants color.
• Converts sunlight into chemical energy
• Photosynthesis

home.clara.net/steve.thackery/ stoves/beginnin.htm

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Amyloplast /Leukoplasts

• Contains concentric layers of starch
• Found in underground parts of plants.
• tubers (potatoes),
• corms (taro dasheen)
• storage roots (sweet potatoes).
• also found in bananas and other fruits.

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Cell Wall

• Structure
• Made of cellulose

• Function
• Protection
• support

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References

• www.funhousefilms.com/ sciencpg.htm