Strategic Plan for Prevention of Contamination from Mining

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Strategic Plan for Prevention of Contamination
from Mining Metallurgical Industries in FYROM

• Presentation by Prof. D. Panias
• Project coordinator

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• With the PREWARC Project
• The most important environmental problems from
• Mining Metallurgical activities were revealed

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• With this presentation a Strategic Plan for the
  minimization of wastes from Mining
  Metallurgical Activities in FYROM based on IPPC
  Directives is proposed

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What is a Strategic Plan?

• An intended Action Plan that could be adopted in
  order to
• Minimize the interactions between Mining
  Metallurgical industries with Environment

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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• Mining Activities

• Management of Waste rock
• Management of Flotation Tailings
• Actions for closure and after care

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Mining activities- Treatment of Solids

• Waste Rock

1. Prevention of ARD generation a. Covers
(Water, dry, oxygen consuming covers) b. Raised
groundwater table c. De-pyritization d. Selective
material handling
2. Control ARD impact a. Addition of alkaline
additives b. Compaction and ground sealing
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Treatment of Solids

• Waste Rock

If none of the above, then
3. Apply treatment options Passive treatment
(wetlands or anoxic limestone drains open or
anoxic ) Active treatment in a water treatment
plant
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Mining activities -Treatment of Solids
Tailings
Any action that manages tailings in mined-out
pits or in dams diverts natural external
run-off, applies a safety factor of at least 1.3
to all dams during operation and carries out
progressive restoration/revegetation Is suitable
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Treatment of Flotation tailings Waste water

• Case study from INTREAT project

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V. K. copper mine
Backfill
Old Bor open pit
ore
Flotation Process
Waste rock heap
Cu concentrate
Open pit wastewater
Tailings
Recycled water
Tailings dump
Drainage Saraka wastewater
Neutralization
copper smelter
Sludge
Discharging to natural receivers
recycling
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• Mining Activities

Closure and After Care of ARD potential waste
rock and flotation tailings management facilities
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Closure and After Care Operating Mines

• Develop closure and after care plans during the
  planning phase of the operation
• Update them over time

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Closure and After Care Closed mines

• Care for Acid Generation Control
• Monitoring

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• Metallurgical Activities

• Emissions
• Dusts
• Slags

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• Metallurgical Activities

Emissions
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Gas emissions treatment- PCDD/F PCB
PCDD/F PCB
1. End of Pipe Techniques
Well optimised Post-Combustion followed by rapid
cooling - full combustion of CO and H2 in
order to avoid uncontrollable reactions in gas
cleaning equipment - reduction of organic
compounds emissions and/or Injection of
lignite dust before entering the bag filter
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Gas emissions treatment- heavy metals
Heavy metals
1. End of pipe techniques- Abatement
Collection in high performance fabric filters
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• Metallurgical Activities

Dusts
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Dusts
Dusts
1. Process Integrated Techniques Minimization
of dust
Hoods or complete evacuation of the unit
2. End of pipe Techniques Abatement
Treatment of dusts
Fabric filters, Wet scrubbing, Dusts Re-use (eg.
Cement additive)/Recycling, Controlled disposal
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• Metallurgical Activities

Slag
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Treatment of slag
Slag
1. Process Integrated Techniques Minimization
of slag generation
Re-design of process
2. End of pipe Techniques Treatment
Recycling, Re-use Controlled disposal
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• Energy Production
• Lignite Coal Combustion Plants

• Emissions
• Fly Ash
• Wastewaters

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• Energy Production

Emissions
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Gas emissions -SO2
SO2
1. End of pipe Techniques Treatment of gases
Flue-gas desulphurization (wet scrubbing
lime/limestone, spray dry scrubbing
using lime slurry, dry sorbent injection
of lime slurry) Combined techniques for the
reduction of NOx and SO2
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Gas emissions treatment - NOx
NOx

• Process Integrated Techniques Minimization of
  NOx

Air / fuel staging, Low NOx burner
2. End of pipe Techniques Treatment of gases

• Waste gas de-nitrification (high cost)
• selective catalytic reduction by NH3 or urea to
  N2 and H2O (170 - 500oC)
• selective non catalytic reduction by NH3 to N2
  and H2O (850 1100oC)

• Combined techniques for the reduction of NOx and
  SO2
• activated carbon process with NH3 injection
• high surface area alumina process

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Gas emissions treatment - CO
CO
1. Process Integrated Techniques Minimization
of CO generation
Well optimized system for the reduction of NOx
emissions
2. End of pipe Techniques Treatment of gases
Complete Combustion
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• Energy production

Fly ash
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Waste solids treatment- fly ash
Fly ash
Controlled landfill
Re-use
Pretreatment Immobilization of
pollutants Landfill according to Council
Directive 1993/31/EC
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• Energy production

Waste waters
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Waste water treatment
1. Process Integrated Techniques Reduced waste
water discharge
Re-design of process
2. End of pipe Techniques Treatment
Flocculation Neutralization Sedimentat
ion Ammonia reduction Recirculation
Filtration Ion exchange Oil
removal
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Treatment of oil contaminated water
Oil contaminated water
Gravity separation of free oil, Emulsion
breaking, using emulsion breaking chemicals,
Removal of oil by skimming tanks or any other
effective device, Storage facilities for the
skimmed oil and the sludge if the oil cannot be
recycled immediately, Waste oil to be used as
fuel in cement kilns as well as in other sectors
(blast furnaces, ceramic and brick kilns, lime
kilns), Disposal in landfills is illegal