The Role of Transportation Professionals in Transportation Security

1
The Role of Transportation Professionals in
Transportation Security

• Eva Lerner-Lam, Aff., ASCE
• President, Palisades Consulting Group, Inc.
• Vice President, Transportation and Development
  Institute
• of the ASCE
• Presented to the
• ASCE Cleveland State University Student Chapter
• Thursday, April 21, 2005

2
Overview of Presentation

• What is TDI?
• Nature and Background of Transportation Security
• Todays Challenges
• Role of the Transportation Engineer
• Future Trends

3
ASCE Institutes
There are seven full-service, self-governing
Institutes within the American Society of Civil
Engineers (ASCE) that serve the needs of all
members of the civil engineering project team in
specific areas.
4
Transportation and Development Institute of ASCE

• Established in 2003
• Over 14,100 members
• Non-ASCE members eligible
• Acknowledges importance of disciplines (law,
  architecture, public administration, etc.) in
  transportation and development
• 125/year for non-members
• One free Institute membership for ASCE members
  (20 each additional Institute)

5
TDI Vision

• A global leader for integrated transportation
  and development that is safe, secure and
  sustainable

6
TDI Board of Governors

• Robert D. Stevens, Ph.D., P.E., AICP, F.ASCE,
  President
• Eva Lerner-Lam, Aff. M.ASCE, Vice President
• Louis F. Cohn, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE, Treasurer
• Kumares C. Sinha, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE, Past
  President
• Essam Radwan, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE
• Larry G. Mugler, AICP, M.ASCE
• C. Michael Walton, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE
• Jonathan C. Esslinger, P.E., F.ASCE, Director
  Secretary

7
TDI Technical Activities
Technical Activities Division ExCom
Planning And Development
Design, Construction Maintenance
Operations And Safety
Cross Cutting

• Airfield Pavement
• Highway Pavement
• Construction
• Local Roads Streets
• Geometric Design

• - Transportation
• Safety
• Transportation Operations
• Public Transport
• Rail Transportation
• Automated People Movers

- Intermodal - Airport Planning Operations -
Planning Economics - Land Use - Environmental
Issues

• Advanced Technologies
• Infrastructure Systems
• Research
• Transportation Security

8
TDI Administrative Activities
Administrative Activities Division ExCom
Awards
Membership
Publications
Conferences
Policy
Education
Standards
Nominating
9
TDI Products Services

• 3 Journals
• Quarterly Newsletter
• Specialty Conferences
• 10th Automated People Movers (May 1-4, 2005,
  Orlando, FL)
• Pavement Conference (Fall 2005, Atlanta, GA,
  Tentative)
• 9th International AATT Conference (August 13
  16, 2006, Chicago, IL)

10
TDI Products Services

• Specialty Conferences (Contd.)
• 29th International Air Transport (Summer 2006)
• Intermodal Conference (2006 Tentative)
• 10th AATT Conference (2008)
• Smart Growth (Date TBD)

11
TDI Products Services

• Continuing Professional Development
• Transportation Security (Web Based)
• Hot Topics in Transportation (Web Based)
• Roadside Design
• Context-Sensitive Solutions
• Work Zone Traffic Control

12
TDI Products Services

• Low Volume Road Pavement Guide
• Local Road Design Manual
• Standards, such as Automated People Movers
• Awards Program

13
TDI Transportation Security Committee
Technical Activities Division ExCom
Planning And Development
Design, Construction Maintenance
Operations And Safety
Cross Cutting

• Airfield Pavement
• Highway Pavement
• Construction
• Local Roads Streets
• Geometric Design

• - Transportation
• Safety
• Transportation Operations
• Public Transport
• Rail Transportation
• Automated People Movers

- Intermodal - Airport Planning Operations -
Planning Economics - Land Use - Environmental
Issues

• Advanced Technologies
• Infrastructure Systems
• Research
• Transportation Security

14
TDI Transportation Security Committee

• 41 members
• Includes engineers, planners, architects,
  security professionals, researchers, operators,
  owners
• Civilian government
• Military government
• Private sector

15
TDI Transportation Security Committee
ExCom
Infrastructure
Operations
Education

• Chair Charles Barker, P.E., ARM, M. ASCE
• Vice Chair Tadi Ramakrishna, P.E., M. ASCE
• Past Chair Eva Lerner-Lam, Aff., ASCE
• Secretary Stephen F. Duffy, Ph.D., P.E., M. ASCE

16
TDI Transportation Security Committee Activities

• Education and Outreach Course Transportation
  Security 101
• Synthesis of Practice Homeland Security
  Color-Coded Warning System
• Webinars Transportation and Security Experts
  Sharing Best Practices
• Task Committees
• Enabling Professional Discourse in a
  Security-Sensitive Environment
• Guidelines and Best Practices for Roving Security
  Inspections

17
Nature and Background of Transportation Security

• Security is
• Protection against crimes
• Security is NOT
• Safety, which is protection against accidents

18
Nature and Background of Transportation Security

• Pre-9/11
• Emphasis on law enforcement
• Focus was not on counter-terrorism,
  infrastructure hardening, mitigation, emergency
  response or recovery
• Post-9/11
• Playing catch up on the above

19
Good Security is Good Security

• Non-terrorist
• Terrorist

Opposite is also true
20
Key Strategies
Prepare and Prevent
TerroristThreats
Non-TerroristThreats
Transportation Systems
Deter Mitigate
Deter Mitigate
Respond and Recover
Protect
21
Transportation Modes

• Aviation
• Public Transit
• Highways
• Rail
• Pipeline
• Navigable Waterways
• Ports
• Bridges
• Tunnels

22
One Subsector Public Transit

• Past Breaches in Security
• August 6, 1927 Two bombs in two NYC Subway
  stations
• December 7, 1993 Colin Ferguson kills 6,
  injures 17 on LIRR at rush hour
• December 15 and 21, 1994 Edward Leary explodes
  two bombs on the NYC subway system, injuring 53
  people

• October 9, 1995 "Sons of the Gestapo" kills 1,
  injures 65 on sabotaged Amtrak Sunset Limited in
  Arizona desert
• November 27, 1998 Deranged passenger on a
  Seattle Metro bus kills bus operator, one
  passenger and injures 32 others.
• May 2, 2001Bus hijacker in LA crashes into a
  minivan, killing the minivan driver and injuring
  seven others.

23
Moscow, August 8, 2000

• Eight people died and more than 50 were injured
  after a bomb ripped through one of Moscow's
  busiest underground walkways creating carnage
  during rush hour

24
New York, September 11, 2001

• Two hijacked jetliners hit the World Trade Center
  in New York
• PATH and MTA subway train stations are destroyed

25
Madrid, March 11, 2004

• Bombs were loaded onto the early morning trains
  as they passed through a suburban station en
  route for Madrid
• 10 bombs detonated by mobile phone exploded on
  four trains in three stations during the rush
  hour, killing 190 and injuring more than 1,430

26
Tactical Elements of This War

• A sports bag containing an unexploded bomb was
  discovered in the wreckage of one of the Madrid
  train cars

27
Tactical Elements of This War

• A cell phone was found in the bag, rigged to act
  as a detonation device

28
Tactical Elements of This War

• The unexploded bomb contained about 22 pounds of
  a whitish-colored plastic explosive

29
Tactical Elements of This War

• Also packed in the bag was a large quantity of
  bolts and nails, the potentially deadly shrapnel

30
Todays Challenges

• Re-organizing Government
• Bolstering competencies and efforts in
• Counter-terrorism
• Infrastructure Hardening
• Response
• Recovery
• Education and Outreach to professionals and
  general citizenry

31
Catching up Re-organizing Government

• Department of Homeland Security, established 2002
• Consolidated 22 agencies, 180,000 employees
• Purpose To be the unifying core for the vast
  national network of organizations and
  institutions involved in efforts to secure the
  nation

32
Catching up Re-organizing Government

• Created as part of the Aviation and
  Transportation Security Act of 2001 in response
  to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World
  Trade Center and The Pentagon.
• Originally organized in the U.S. Department of
  Transportation moved to the U.S. Department of
  Homeland Security in 2003
• Charged with developing policies to ensure the
  safety of U.S. air traffic and other forms of
  transportation.

33
Catching up Re-organizing Government

• National Strategy For Homeland Security (2002)
• Organizing for a Secure Homeland
• Critical Mission Areas
• Intelligence and Warning
• Border and Transportation Security
• Domestic Counterterrorism
• Protecting Critical Infrastructures and Key
  Assets
• Defending against Catastrophic Threats
• Emergency Preparedness and Response
• Foundations
• Law
• Science and Technology
• Information Sharing and Systems
• International Cooperation

34
Catching up Re-organizing Government

• National Response Plan (2004)
• Integrates domestic prevention, preparedness,
  response, and recovery activities into a single
  all-discipline, all-hazards plan.
• Forms the basis of how the federal government
  coordinates with state, local, and tribal
  governments and the private sector during
  incidents.  

35
Catching up Re-organizing Government

• National Incident Management System (2005)
• Integrates effective practices in emergency
  preparedness and response into a comprehensive
  national framework for incident management 

36
Catching up Re-organizing Government

• Major challenges
• Differences in operating policies, procedures,
  cultures
• Implementation (definitions, policies,
  procedures, guidelines, best practices, etc.) at
  the regional, state and local levels
• Lack of funding

37
Bolstering efforts

• Counter-terrorism
• Intelligence gathering and sharing
• Infrastructure Hardening
• Engineering must include terrorism as a design
  constraint
• Response
• Unified National Response Plan
• Incident Management System
• Recovery
• ??? (Virtual absence of current activity!)

38
Education and Outreach

• Major objective of TDIthrough its
  Transportation Security Committee
• Other ASCE Institutes are also incorporating
  Security
• ASCE 2005 Infrastructure Report Card includes
  Security as a new category
• Ready.Gov (www.ready.gov)
• Dont be afraid, be prepared
• ReadyBusiness
• ReadyAmerica
• ReadyKids
• The Infrastructure Security Partnership
  (www.tisp.org)

39
Future Trends

1. Strategic planning phase is transitioning to
   implementation phase
2. Must understand the interdependencies between and
   among critical infrastructures
3. Need to prioritize initiatives and monitor the
   programming and expenditure of funds against a
   backdrop of continued fiscal austerity
4. Increasing sense of complacency until the next
   major attack

40
Role of the Transportation Engineer

• Include Security as a design constraint in all
  activities
• Planning
• Design
• Construction
• Mitigation
• Response
• Recovery

41
Role of the Transportation Engineer

• Seek (and demand) security education and training
• Course curricula
• Certification programs
• Exercises and drills

42
Role of the Transportation Engineer

• Raise awareness of importance of Recovery
  planning and preparedness

43
In Conclusion

1. There is a significant role for the
   transportation professional to play in securing
   our multi-modal transportation systems
2. Membership and participation in professional
   societies (such as TDI) can help transportation
   professionals develop careers and help secure the
   nation

44
References

• Transportation and Development Institute
  (www.tanddi.org)
• American Society of Civil Engineers
  (www.asce.org)
• Presidential Actions (www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/
  )
• Ready.Gov (www.ready.gov)
• Department of Homeland Security (www.dhs.gov)
• Transportation Security Administration
  (www.tsa.gov)
• Federal Emergency Management Agency National
  Incident Management System (http//www.fema.gov/ni
  ms/)