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I' Greek Civilization

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Title: I' Greek Civilization


1
I. Greek Civilization
  • A. gov. - democracy
  • B. Arts drama, architecture, sculpture
  • C. philosophy
  • D. Science
  • 1. Hippocrates taught that disease comes from
    natural causes, not as divine punishment
  • 2. Euclid - father of geometry The Elements -
    still the basis for plane geometry today
    Pythagoras theorem
  • 3. Archimedes Law - Eureka A body floating in
    a liquid is held up by a force equal to the
    weight of the liquid displaced.

2
  • 4. Aristarchus discovered the earth revolves
    around the sun
  • 5. Eratosthenes - correctly estimated the
    circumference of the earth.
  • 6. Herodotus - father of history
  • 7. Thucydides - 1st modern historian
  • II. Drama
  • A. Evolved from religious festivals to honor the
    god of wine and fertility, Dionysus
  • B. Tragedy - goat song rules

3
  • 1. Hero must be of noble birth
  • 2. Hero must have tragic flaw
  • Hubris too much pride
  • 3. Unity of time, place and action (24 hours)
  • 4. All violence done off-stage
  • 5. Must provide catharsis - purging of the
    negative emotions pity and terror in audience
  • 6. Famous playwrites
  • a. Sophocles - considered the greatest, wrote
  • Oedipus Rex
  • b. Euripedes - 1st modern playwrite,
    psychological motivations - Medea

4
  • c. Aristophanes - comic playwrite, wrote
  • Lysistrata
  • d. Deus ex machina - machinery of the gods -used
    to rescue hero from impossible situations

5
Minoan Civilization-1600 BC
  • Sewage systems and running water
  • decorated with FRESCOES applying paint to wet
    plaster so when it dries the painting becomes
    part of the wall.
  • The palace at Knossos was so large and elaborate
    it is thought to be the source of the Minotaur
    legend.
  • No temples have been found - ?
  • Minoan civilization came to an abrupt end - ?

6
Palace of King Minos - Isle of Crete
7
Minoan Civilization
8
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9
Drain pipes
10
Blue Ladies Fresco
11
Snake Goddess (?)
12
Bull Leapers
13
Minoan Vase
14
Minoan Priest (?)
15
Mycenaean Civilization-1500 BC
  • Later Greeks thought the massive walls built by
    the Mycenaeans must have been built by giant
    cyclops.
  • Huge bee-hive type tombs have been uncovered.
  • This culture was destroyed by the Dorian invaders
    in 1100 BC

16
Lion Gate-Mycenaen
17
Agamemnon?
18
Myc. Octopus Jar
19
Crown (diadem)
20
Greek Architecture
  • A. temples were like large sculptures
  • B. followed rules of SYMMETRY balance, harmony,
    and ideal proportions
  • C. this translates into ORDERS - design rules
    that break construction down into simple units
  • 1. Doric order
  • 2. Ionic order
  • 3. Corinthian order

21
  • D. common to all
  • 1. Used no mortar or cement
  • 2. Columns made up of drums with flutes cut in
    after erected
  • 3. All have a architrave (lintel post that lies
    across the columns)
  • 4. Frieze lies on top of architrave
  • 5. Flat triangular space crowns temple is the
    pediment, usually decorated w/ carved figures
  • 6. Cella is the room inside that houses the god

22
Doric order
23
Doric
  • Fluted, swell slightly in the middle then taper
    at the top
  • plain capitals
  • no base to rest on
  • frieze - oblong panels and square blocks
  • PARTHENON IS THE FINEST EXAMPLE OF THIS CLASSICAL
    STYLE - built 447-432 BCE

24
Parthenon - note doric caps.
25
Athena and Nike
26
Parthenon
27
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28
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29
Ionic order
30
Ionic
  • Lighter, more delicate than Doric
  • capitals decorated with spiral motif
  • column rests on a base
  • frieze is continuous

31
Corinthian order
32
Corinthian
  • Slender, fluted columns
  • capitals dec. w/ stylized acanthus leaves
  • columns rest on base
  • used more by the Romans than the Greeks

33
Carytid Columns
34
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35
Amphitheatre
36
Amphitheatres
  • 1. Carved into hillsides
  • 2. Looked down into orchestra (dancing place)
    ACTING AREA
  • built into teirs with stone seats and walkways
  • actors wore masks and shoes to increase their
    size and amplify voice
  • Thespis is credited with pulling a member out of
    the chorus and making him the 1st actor

37
Greek Sculpture
  • 1. Minoan period 1600 BC, Isle of Crete
  • 2. Mycenaean period 1500-1100 BC, Greek
    mainland
  • 3. Dark Age - Dorian invaders destroy earlier
    cultures stick figures, geometric designs
  • 4. Archaic period 600-480 Bc
  • Kouros figures (male) or Kore (female) feature

38
  • archaic smile
  • one foot forward
  • males nude, females clothed
  • Egyptian like in they are stylized and pose is
    stiff
  • BUT - statue is no longer ENGAGED to the stone!

39
Kouros
40
Archaic smile
41
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42
Kore-note archaic smile
43
Kritios Boy
  • Transition from Kouros to Kritios
  • marks beginning of Classical Period in Greek art
    (480-323 BCE)
  • art is natural and realistic

44
Kritios boy-contraposto
45
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46
Early classical period
47
A look of calm dignity replaces the archaic smile
48
Classical period
  • 1. Harmony and balance Golden Mean
  • 2. Sculpture features
  • CONTRAPPOSTO - counter-poise - weight is
    carried on one leg, more natural looking - a new
    realism (began _at_ 500 BCE)
  • made of bronze or marble (marble statues were
    painted life-like colors)
  • archaic smile replaced with look of calm dignity

49
Charioteer of Delphi
50
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51
Hellenistic Period - 323-150 BCE
  • 1. Art becomes passionate, emotional and full of
    action
  • 2. Female statues portrayed as nude or draped
    with fabric
  • 3. Famous examples
  • Venus de Milo
  • Dying Gaul
  • Laocoon and his 2 sons
  • Nike of Samothrace (artist uses space in front
    and behind statue as wind whips wings and
    clothing drapery

52
Venus de Milo-Hellenistic
53
Zeus or Poseidon
54
Laocoon his 2 sons-Hellenistic
55
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56
Dying Gaul - Hellenistic
57
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58
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59
Dying Gaul and his Wife
60
Winged Victory of Samothrace
61
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62
Apollos Oracle at Delphi
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