WARSIM LC2IEDM Alignment Study

1
WARSIM LC2IEDM Alignment Study

• Dr. Brian A. HaughDr. Francisco L. Loaiza Dr.
  Reginald N. MeesonDr. Steven P. Wartik
  Institute for Defense Analyses
• Dr. Michael HiebMs. Lesley J. Painchaud
  IITRI/AB Tech
• Ms. Deborah Heystek AEgis Technologies

2
Outline

• Introduction Alignment Studies
• WARSIM-LC2IEDM Alignment Study
• WARSIM LC2IEDM Results
• LC2IEDM WARSIM Results
• Conclusions

(Land Command and Control Information Exchange
Data Model)
3
Purpose of Alignment Studies

• Develop assessment methodology for assessing
  C4I-MS data compatibility
• Determine current alignment of models as a
  point of departure
• Lay the groundwork for a C4I-MS Reference
  Object Model - to support C4I-MS
  interoperability including embedded simulation

4
Interoperability of legacy and future Systems
MS
C4I
Shared Solutions
Processes For Alignment
Reusable Component Interfaces
Common Standards
Common Data/Object Models
Alignment of Architectures
5
Standards-Based Interoperability Vision
Simulation-based Training COA
Analysis Rehearsal AAR C3 Test
Army C4I Systems
MS Systems
ltfuturegt
ARSIM
OMSC/Army C4I Object Models
ltfuturegt
JCDB/AICDMData Models
ltfuturegt
Command Messages
MCS
Status Reports
Aligned Models
Joint MS Scenario

• Facilitate C4I-MS Interoperation
• Minimize translation costs errors
• Promote reuse of software components

6
What does Alignment Mean?

• Degree of alignment of one model with another is
  the extent to which the 1st covers the
  information in the 2nd
• Numbers are relative measures
• Used to determine if different representations
  increase or decrease alignment
• The numbers do not reflect the amount of effort
  required to increase alignment
• Precise definitions of degree of alignment depend
  on the level of alignment

7
Degree of Alignment

• Perfect overall alignment is rare.
• We want to know
• How close are theelements to beingfully
  aligned?
• What changes will improve alignment?

Simulations

• Alignment assessment yields the degree of
  alignment
• Quantitative measurement of data
  interoperability.
• 100 means full alignment 0 means no alignment.

8
Alignment Levels
Modeling Elements
Alignment Level
Simulation
C4I
WARSIM
LC2IEDM / JDM
Entity
Entities

• Classes
• Complex data types

State
Attributes

• Class attributes
• Complex data type fields

Value

• Physical representation (CHAR(6), NUMBER(7,4))
• Codes (EAP, ACTTA)

• Predefined (double, Boolean)
• Enumerations (abort_reason_e)

9
Outline

• Introduction Alignment Studies
• WARSIM-LC2IEDM Alignment Study
• WARSIM LC2IEDM Results
• LC2IEDM WARSIM Results
• Conclusions

10
Scope of Study
Assess Alignment
MS Model
C4I Model
LC2IEDM
Elements of JSIMS FOM
IDEF1X Entity-Relationship Model

• WARSIM managed object classes attributes
• Equipment, Unit, Environment, C4I
• Map from WARSIM to the LC2IEDM

1st phase

• Map from the LC2IEDM to WARSIM
• JCDB appendix

2nd phase
(Land Command and Control Information Exchange
Data Model)
11
WARSIM Classes from JSIMS FOM
JSIMS FOM object classes managed by WARSIM used
in initial phase of WARSIM-LC2IEDM alignment
study (excludes c2_artifacts and c4i
initialization subclasses)
minefield.land
12
LC2IEDM Overview
Main LC2IEDM entities mapped to in initial phase
of study
13
Outline

• Introduction Alignment Studies
• WARSIM-LC2IEDM Alignment Study
• WARSIM LC2IEDM Results
• LC2IEDM WARSIM Results
• Conclusions

14
Study Areas Covered

• Unit
• Equipment
• Environment
• C4I

15
Unit Area Alignment
WARSIM
LC2IEDM (partial)
HOLDING
OBJECT-TYPE
OBJECT-ITEM
OBJECT-ITEM-TYPE
P
ACTION
ACTION-TASK
ORGANISATION-ACTION-TASK-ASSOCIATION
PERSON-TYPE
PERSON
ORGANISATION-TYPE
MATERIEL-TYPE
ORGANISATION
EQUIPMENT-TYPE
UNIT-TYPE
UNIT
ORGANISATION-TYPE-ESTABLISHMENT
ORGANISATION-ORGANISATION-TYPE-ESTABLISHMENT
ORGANISATION-TYPE-ESTABLISHMENT-MATERIEL-TYPE-DETA
IL
ORGANISATION-TYPE-ESTABLISHMENT-PERSON-TYPE-DETAIL
16
Unit Class Alignment Results
WARSIM
LC2IEDM
100
0
Because the LC2IEDM cant model frequency, C4I
databases may be unable to initialize or log
information on a units primary comm frequency
ACTION-TASK-STATUS-CATEGORY-CODE "ACTVTY" (in
execution) ACTION-TASK-STATUS-PROGRESS-CODE
"IPR" (in progress).
17
Unit Enumerated Datatype Example
33
org_type_e equip_group, supply_cache, unit
ORGANISATION-CATEGORY-CODE UN (unit), CO
(convoy), PO (post), NOS (not otherwise
specified) NKN
18
Results for Unit Area

• 2 classes, 20 complex data types assessed
  (Entity-level assessments).
• 99 JSIMS FOMattributesassessed(State-levelasse
  ssments).
• 11 JSIMS FOM domains assessed (Value-level
  assessments).

19
Unaligned Attribute Examples

• frequency
• In Hertz, frequency other units use to send
  messages to this unit
• mission_effectiveness
• mission effectiveness of the unit
• morale
• 0-100
• pdp_level
• 0-100 percent concealment in a defensive position
  
• Low support via ACTION-EVENT-SUBCATEGORY-CODE of
  "HIDE, but no percentage

20
Study Areas Covered

• Unit
• Equipment
• Environment
• C4I

21
Equipment Area Alignment
LC2IEDM (partial)
WARSIM
OBJECT-ITEM
OBJECT-TYPE
org.land
org.land.supply_cache
PERSON
MATERIEL
MATERIEL-TYPE
initialization
POINT
ORGANISATION-ORGANISATION-TYPE-ESTABLISHMENT
ORGANISATION-TYPE-ESTABLISHMENT-ORGANISATION-TYPE-
DETAIL
ORGANISATION-TYPE-ESTABLISHMENT
22
Attribute Alignment
LC2IEDM
WARSIM
100
100
Because the LC2IEDM cant model equipment group
exposure, C4I databases may be unable to
initialize or log information on degree of unit
exposure
23
Results for Equipment Area

• 15 classes, 28 complex data types assessed
  (Entity-level assessments).
• 136 JSIMS FOMattributesassessed(State-levelass
  essments).
• 85 JSIMS FOM domains assessed (Value-level
  assessments).

24
Examples of Unaligned Attributes
25
Study Areas Covered

• Unit
• Equipment
• Environment
• C4I

26
Environment Area Alignment
TCDM Coverages
LC2IEDM (partial)

• Surface Areals
• Physiography
• Vegetation
• Urban
• Water

Point Culture
Linear and Point Hydrography
Linear and Areal Terrain Obstacles
Maritime Trafficability
Linear Connectivity/Distribution
Linear and Point Transportation
Battlefield Elements
Administrative Boundaries
Metadata
Geotile Reference
Sole JSIMS FOM environment class
minefield.land
27
Terrain Feature Examples
LC2IEDM

• Surface Areals
• Physiography
• Sand Dune
• Urban
• Airport/Airstrip

25
34
Point Culture Depot (storage)
Stadium
Linear and Point Transportation Tunnel
Bridge
28
Attribute Examples - Infantry Trench
ELEVATED-ABSOLUTE-POINT
Overall Alignment 95

elevated-absolute-point-elevated-dimension
ACTION-EFFECT
Infantry Trench
action-effect-description-code
Depth Below Surface Level
100
Damage, General
75
ACTION-TASK-STATUS
Preparation for Destruction Completion,
Explosive (Fraction)
100

action-task-status-completion-fraction
100
Object Identification Number
Width
100
OBJECT-ITEM
object-item-id
REGULAR-AREA
regular-area-minor-dimension
29
Terrain Data Alignment Results

• Set of 167 TCDM Features were selected to be
  mapped to LC2IEDM as most relevant

• 927 TCDM Features total in TCDM

• Mapped Features are all those with Attributes

• 87 TCDM Attributesmapped to LC2IEDM

• Overall Alignment of 167 is 40

30
Terrain Alignment by Coverage
31
Unaligned Attributes - Examples
32
Study Areas Covered

• Unit
• Equipment
• Environment
• C4I

33
WARSIM C4I OBJECT CLASSES

• C4I initialization classes in JSIMS FOM
• Do not represent battlefield objects
• Provide data to configure the C4I Interface
  specific to the C4I devices located in the
  attached TOC
• Because the C4I/C2 Classes are specific to the
  WARSIM C4I Interface, they are outside the scope
  of this study
• Examples
• initialization.land.c4i.cmp_interface_p
  provides data for C4IHandler to write for
  CMPInterface
• c2_artifacts.land.state.c4i_handler contains
  FOM objects used in C4I interface

34
Outline

• Introduction Alignment Studies
• WARSIM-LC2IEDM Alignment Study
• WARSIM LC2IEDM Results
• LC2IEDM WARSIM Results
• Conclusions

35
Alignment of LC2IEDM Unit Data

• LC2IEDMs structure for modeling units is much
  richer than WARSIMs
• WARSIM only models subordinate and supporting
  units
• LC2IEDM enumerates 45 different types of
  associations (full control, tactical control,
  operational control, etc.) between units
• Of 36 LC2IEDM attributes assessed
• Slightly under half align fully
• 30 do not align at all
• Overall degree of alignment of Unit area is 45

36
Unit area attribute alignments

• Alignment assessment ranges for LC2IEDM Unit
  attributes as covered by WARSIM model

37
LC2IEDM Equipment Data

• LC2IEDM models equipment as instances of the
  MATERIEL entity, a subtype of OBJECT-ITEM
• LC2IEDM has specific entities for modeling status
  and capability of equipment
• WARSIM has some attributes for status
  capability
• We assessed 16 entities and 58 attributes.
• Over ? of the attributes did not align at all
• Over ? aligned less than 50
• Overall alignment of equipment area was 36

38
Equipment area attribute alignments

• Ranges of degree of alignment of LC2IEDM
  equipment attributes with WARSIM model

39
LC2IEDM Environment Data

• LC2IEDM environment data
• Concentrated in FACILITY, FEATURE,
  FACILITY-TYPE, and FEATURE-TYPE entities, their
  subclasses and related entities
• Degrees of alignment by entity
• FACILITY-TYPE 51
• CONTROL-FEATURE 5
• GEOGRAPHIC-FEATURE 83

40
Outline

• Introduction Alignment Studies
• WARSIM-LC2IEDM Alignment Study
• WARSIM LC2IEDM Results
• LC2IEDM WARSIM Results
• Conclusions

41
Study Results Summary

• Qualitatively
• Substantial overlap in WARSIM LC2IEDM
• Much that does not match, or matches poorly
• Considerable work needed for better alignment
• Quantitatively

42
Value of Alignment Studies

• Guidance as to what sorts of data need to be in
  simulations to interoperate with Army C4I
  systems
• Prepares for embedded simulation using common
  data models in future Army C4I systems
• Lay the groundwork for a C4I-MS Reference
  Object Model - to support C4I-MS system
  interoperability including embedded simulation