Pink Eye

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Pink Eye

• James Reecy
• Annette OConnor
• Abebe Hassen
• Gary Snowder

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Pink Eye

• Reported in the USA since 1889
• 45 of Missouri herds have endemic IBK
• Average prevalence 8
• More common in the young 10-60
• Immunity develops with age
• No gender affinity

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How Effective Are We At Controlling Pink Eye?

• Kansas ranchers reported it as the 2nd most
  common infectious disease in 1993
• NAHMS diseases with economic impact
• Internal/ external parasites (way in front)
• Open cows
• Pink eye
• Foot rot
• Between 17 and 65 lbs decrease in weaning weight
• 150 million yearly

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General Information

• What causes pink eye
• Moraxella bovis, , is considered to be the
  cause of IBK
• Gellatt food animal ophthalmology page 1131

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What Causes Pink Eye

• Moraxella bovis
• Brannamella ovis?
• High UV light
• Dust
• IBR infection
• IBR vaccination
• Mycoplasma infection Mycoplasma bovoculi
• Trauma
• Face flies- Musca autumnalis (since 1946)

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What Causes Pink Eye?
M. Bovis
UV Light
Long Grass
Stress
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What Causes Pink Eye?
M. Bovis
UV Light
Face Flies
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Why Do Only Some Calves Get Pink Eye?

• Individual differences
• Genetics
• Dam colostral immunity

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Options For Control/ Prevention

• Remove reservoirs for M.bovis
• Cattle ( sub-clinical carriers)
• Face Flies, Stable Flies, Horn Flies ( for 3-4
  days)
• Wildlife ?

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Options For Control/ Prevention

• Are the technologies up to the job?

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Options For Control/ Prevention

• Not up to the job
• Vaccines
• Fly control
• Dust control
• Pasture clipping

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Options For Control/ Prevention

• Vaccines
• Pilated forms of M bovis are virulent allows
  attachment
• At last count there were 7-8 pili groups, they do
  not provide much cross protection
• Each pilis type is associated with specific ab
  production
• Failure in vaccines is due to low cross
  protection and emergence of new pili.
• Also naturally animals produce lacrimal IgA to M
  bovis, vaccines stimulate serum IgG, IgM, and
  secretory IgA

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Why Does Control/ Prevention Fail?

• Fly control
• Adulticides, traps, larvicide's rarely achieve gt
  50 control
• Due to small amount of time spent on animal
• At any one time , lt 5 of the entire female
  population ( only females) on cattle
• Overlapping generations means that traps dont
  work
• Local migration is easy they moved from Nova
  Scotia to in 1950s to North Dakota in 1960
  renewing populations constantly

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What The Future Options

• Genetic selection
• Improved vaccines
• Better treatment

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Assumptions

• Genetic variation in resistance/ susceptibility
  to the pinkeye exists
• Low heritability (lt.15)
• Disease incidence is low 10

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Requirements of the project

• Serve as a model for disease resistance/susceptibi
  lity research
• Internal parasites - nematodes
• Respiratory
• Use field records
• Need to develop data collection scheme
• Need 8,000 records

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Data Collection

• Two seasons
• When cases are actively observed
• Weaning
• Scoring system
• Data sheets

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ACTIVE LESIONS SHEET 2
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Current data collection

• Iowa State Rhodes Research Farm
• American Angus Association
• Contacted a few breeders to start collecting data
• Iowa, Missouri, Indiana, Wisconsin
• Universities
• Ohio State
• Kentucky

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Change in Severity Over Time
October Severity Call
August Severity Call
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October Severity Call
Right
August Severity Call
Left
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Data Analysis

• No sex or eye effect
• Heritability
• MTDFREML
• Model Y ? CG animal PE error
• CG Sex-weaning group (4)
• PE permanent environmental
• h2 0.18

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MARC Pinkeye data

• Gary Snowder
• 19 years of data
• Calves listed as being treated in the herd book
• Number of records
• 907 to 10,947 head per breed
• 1.3 to 22.4 incidence

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Future Direction

• Moraxella bovis infection rate vs. Corneal
  abrasion
• Field data collection
• Mechanism?