HISTORY 201: HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY

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HISTORY 201 HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY II (1500s
Today)
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I. Getting Organized
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Why Bother?

• Philosophical-theological reasons
• God is both transcends and is present in TIME
• WHAT IS TIME?

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Why bother?

• Today
• Tomorrow is already stirring today
• So Today is Tomorrows Yesterday
• Seeing yesterday today tomorrow as connected
• And asking WHAT CHANGES, WHAT DOESNT, AND WHY?

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STORIES! PEOPLE!
Martin Luther King
John Calvin
Theresa of Liseux
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Struggles! Insights! Blunders! Triumphs!
US!
Ann Bradstreet
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
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CLOUDS OF WITNESS
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II. TODAY

• The Calvinist Reformation (the English Example)
• WHAT is Calvinism?
• WHY was/is Calvinism so compelling not to
  everyone but to many?

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III. The Calvinist Reformation The English
Example
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1517 Luthers protests trigger the Reformation
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1517 The Reformation begins
Wittenberg Church Doors 95 Theses
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Wittenberg Castle
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Catechism Luthers translation of the Bible
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1517-1648 AGE OF RELIGIOUS WAR
Thirty Years War ( 1618-1648) French Civil War/
St. Bartholomews Day Massacre (1572)
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JOHN CALVIN(1509-1564)
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Jean Chauvin
Calvin, the scholar
Birthplace, Noyon, France
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1536 Institutes of the Christian Religion (over
the years, multiple versions)
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1536 ? Calvinism becomes a movement within
Christianity
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RADICAL CALVINISM

• FOR AT LEAST A CENTURY (1530s 1630s)
• CALVINISM WAS THE MOST EXPLOSIVE -ISM IN EUROPE

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Geneva, Reformation Memorial (Left ? Right)
Wm. Farel J. Calvin T. Beza J. Knox
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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• 1517 Luthers 95 Theses
• 1521 Henry VIII denounces Luther

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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• 1534 The Kings Great Matter
• 1535 Henry VIII breaks with Rome
• Execution of Thomas More

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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• Henrys Aim Traditional Catholicism with
  Henry as Head of the Church
• NOTE Because Head-of-State is Head-of-Church,
  religious issues are now POLITICAL issues

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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• 1547-53 KING EDWARD VI
• Just how far should the reform of the Church of
  England go?

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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• 1553-58 Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary)
• Re-establish Catholicism
• Purge Protestants

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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• 1558 John Knox brings Geneva-Calvinism to
  Scotland
• Knox rejects both the Catholic Church and the
  emerging Church of England
• First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous
  Regiment of Women

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Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots Supports Catholic
side Opposes John Knox Opposes Elizabeth Tudor
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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• 1558-1603 Elizabeth
• Rejects Catholicism
• Rejects Calvinism
• Aim non-political, latitudinarian Church of
  England

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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• CHURCH OF ENGLAND
• Queen as head
• Bishops as leaders
• catholic community (includes everyone)
• Worship as liturgy
• Primacy of ritual symbol

• CALVINIST CHURCHES
• Autonomy of local congregations
• Gathered church of the elect
• Worship centered on the Word
• Radical simplicity in liturgy architecture

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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• WHAT WAS AT STAKE?
• Freedom of Conscience ?
• Freedom of
• Speech ?
• 3. Freedom of Assembly ?
• 4. Freedom to advocate Change?

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Two very different ways of being-in-the-world

• Anglicans, Royalists, Cavaliers

Calvinists, Parliamentarians, Roundheads
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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• Calvinism takes root among urban, educated,
  middling-classes
• 1560s Calvinists push for change in Church of
  England
• 1570s Calvinists elected to Parliament

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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• 1571 Walter Strickland insists on more reforms
  in the C of E
• Elizabeth demands S. be ousted from Parliament
• Peter Wentworth denounces Queen as tyrant

PETER WENTWORTH
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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• 1570s Pamphlets appear demanding reform of C of
  E denouncing Queen as Tyrant!
• First Admonition
• Second Admonition
• Reply to the Bishops

Thomas Cartwright, a leading Calvinist
Parliamentarian
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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• 1579 John Stubbs
• The Discovery of a Gaping Gulf Whereunto England
  is Like to be Swallowed by Another French
  Marriage if the Lord Forbid Not the Bans by
  Letting Her Majesty See the Sin and Punishment
  Thereof

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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• SEPARATISTS break with the Church of England
  Robert Browne (Brownists) ? Pilgrims
• PURITANS Stay within Church of England and
  purify it

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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• 1603-25 James (Stuart) I
• 1625-49 Charles I
• Anglicans try to suppress the Puritans
• 1620 Pilgrims flee to America
• 1630s mass exodus to New England

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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• King Anglicans

• Parliament Puritans

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THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR 1642-1649 Puritans vs.
King EXECUTION OF KING CHARLES PURITAN
COMMONWEALTH 1660 RESTORATION OF THE MONARCHY
WITH CHARLES II
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Execution of King Charles I, 1694
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Radical Calvinism The English Example

• 1649-1660 THE PURITAN COMMONWEALTH
• Radical Experiment in government

OLIVER CROMWELL, Puritan Leader
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Radical Experiments in Religion

• Calvinists break into factions
• Puritans (keep structures of Anglican Church
• Separatists (reject Anglican system totally)
• Presbyterians (presbytery as authority)
• Independents/
• Congregationalists (local autonomy)

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Radical Experiments in Religion

• All sorts of other religious groups appear
• Diggers
• Agitators
• Levellers
• Grindletonians
• Muggletonians
• Seekers
• Ranters
• Quakers (Friends)

JOHN LILBURNE, Leveller leader
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Cartoon mocking the so-called Ranters
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Quaker Meeting
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Cromwell
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IV. SO WHAT is Calvinism?
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V WHY do some find Calvinism so compelling?