U'S' SpaceBased PNT Policy, Programs, and International Cooperation

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U.S. Space-Based PNTPolicy, Programs, and
International Cooperation
David A. Turner, Deputy Director Office of Space
and Advanced Technology Bureau of Oceans,
Environment and Science U.S. Department of
State December 1, 2009
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Overview

• U.S. Space-based PNT Policy
• GPS Augmentation Programs Status
• International Cooperation Activities

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U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy
GOAL Ensure the U.S. maintains space-based PNT
services, augmentation, back-up, and service
denial capabilities that

• Provide uninterrupted availability of PNT
  services
• Meet growing national, homeland, economic
  security, and civil requirements, and scientific
  and commercial demands
• Remain the pre-eminent military space-based PNT
  service
• Continue to provide civil services that exceed or
  are competitive with foreign civil space-based
  PNT services and augmentation systems
• Remain essential components of internationally
  accepted PNT services
• Promote U.S. technological leadership in
  applications involving space-based PNT services

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U.S. Space-Based PNT Organization Structure
WHITE HOUSE
Ad HocWorking Groups
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U.S. Policy Promotes Global Use of GPS Technology

• No direct user fees for civil GPS services
• Provided on a continuous, worldwide basis
• Open, public signal structures for all civil
  services
• Promotes equal access for user equipment
  manufacturing, applications development, and
  value-added services
• Encourages open, market-driven competition
• Global compatibility and interoperability with
  GPS
• Service improvements for civil, commercial, and
  scientific users worldwide
• Protection of radionavigation spectrum from
  disruption and interference

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• U.S. Space-based PNT Policy
• GPS Augmentation Programs Status
• International Cooperation Activities

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GPS Constellation Status
30 Operational Satellites(Baseline
Constellation 24)

• 11 Block IIA
• 12 Block IIR
• 7 Block IIR-M
• Transmitting new second civil signal
• 1 GPS IIR-M in on-orbit testing
• 3 additional satellites in residual status
• Next launch IIF June 2010
• Global GPS civil service performance commitment
  met continuously since December 1993

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SPS Signal in Space Performance
Signal-in-Space User Range Error (SIS URE) the
difference between a GPS satellites navigation
data (position and clock) and the truth,
projected on the line-of-sight to the user
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
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2001 SPS Performance Standard (RMS over all SPS
SIS URE)
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5
2008 SPS Performance Standard (Worst of any SPS
SIS URE)
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RMS SIS URE (m)
RMS Signal-in-space User Range Error (URE), meters
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Decreasing range error
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1.6
1.2
1.1
1.0
1
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1997
2001
2004
2006
2008
Selective Availability (SA)
System accuracy exceeds published standard
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Recent Program Successes

• Space Segment
• SVN 49 launched in March 09
• L5 demo payload secured frequency filing
• Signal distortion investigation still underway
• SVN 50 launched in August 09
• Set healthy
• Completed GPS Delta II launches
• GPS IIF completed Pathfinder testing
• GPS IIIA completed Preliminary Design Reviews
• Ground Segment
• Delivered new version of OCS (AEP 5.5) to final
• regression testing with SAASM capability
• Completed successful OCX, SDR,
• Modernized Capability Demo and RFP release

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GPS Modernization New Civil Signals

• Second civil signal L2C
• Designed to meet commercial needs
• Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction
• Available since 2005 without data message
• Currently, 7 IIR-Ms transmitting L2C
• Full capability 24 satellites 2016

• Third civil signal L5
• Designed to meet demanding requirements for
  transportation safety-of-life
• Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio
  Navigation Service (ARNS) band
• On orbit broadcast 10 APR 2009 on IIR-20(M)
  secured ITU frequency filing
• Full capability 24 satellites 2018

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GPS Modernization Fourth Civil Signal (L1C)

• Designed with international partnersfor
  interoperability
• Modernized civil signal at L1 frequency
• More robust navigation across a broad rangeof
  user applications
• Improved performance in challengedtracking
  environments
• Original signal retained for backward
  compatibility
• Specification developed in cooperationwith
  industry recently completed
• Launches with GPS III in 2014
• On 24 satellites by 2021

Under Trees
Urban Canyons
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GPS Modernization Semi-codeless Transition

• GPS receivers attain very high accuracy by using
  "codeless" or "semi-codeless" techniques that
  exploit the encrypted military GPS signals
  without actually decoding them
• Techniques will no longer be necessary once the
  new civil GPS signals are fully operational
• US government published a notice for users to
  transition to GPS civil-coded signals by December
  31, 2020
• Provided time for an orderly and systematic
  transition
• Based on launch schedule and projected budget
• US government led community-wide collaboration on
  this transition plan
• US is committed to continually improving GPS
  services as users complete a timely transition to
  dual-coded civil GPS equipment

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FAA GPS Augmentation Programs
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WAAS Architecture
38 Reference Stations
3 Master Stations
4 Ground Earth Stations
4F3 98 W
(21) Geostationary Satellite Links
2 Operational Control Centers
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Global SBAS Coverage
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Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)

• Precision Approach For CAT- I, II, III
• Multiple Runway Coverage At An Airport
• 3D RNP Procedures (RTA), CDAs
• Navigation for Closely Spaced Parallels
• Super Density Operations

Air Services Australia says this date is
incorrect need correct date from the FAA

• LAAS is Expected to Achieve Category-III By
  2012

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LAAS/GBAS International Efforts
Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Malaga, Spain
Sydney, Australia
Frankfurt, Germany
Bremen, Germany
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Nationwide Differential GPS

• Expansion of maritime differential GPS (DGPS)
  network to cover terrestrial United States
• Built to international standard adopted in 50
  countries

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National Continuously Operating Reference
Stations (CORS)

• Enables highly accurate, 3-D positioning
• Centimeter-level precision
• Tied to National Spatial Reference System
• 1,200 sites operated by 200 public, private,
  academic organizations

• NOAAs Online Positioning User Service (OPUS)
  automatically processes coordinates submitted via
  the web from around the world
• OPUS-RS (Rapid Static) declared operational in
  2007
• NOAA considering support for real-time networks

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• U.S. Space-based PNT Policy
• GPS Augmentation Programs Status
• International Cooperation Activities

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U.S. Objectives in Working with Other GNSS
Service Providers

• Ensure compatibility ability of U.S. and
  non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used
  separately or together without interfering with
  each individual service or signal
• Radio frequency compatibility
• Spectral separation between M-code and other
  signals
• Achieve interoperability ability of civil U.S.
  and non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used
  together to provide the user better capabilities
  than would be achieved by relying solely on one
  service or signal
• Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals
• Ensure fair trade/open markets (non-discrimination
  )

Pursue through Bilateral and Multilateral
Cooperation
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Current International Signal Plans
Note GINS modulations TBD
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The Goal of Civil GNSS Interoperability

• Ideal interoperability allows navigation with one
  signal each from four or more systems with no
  additional receiver cost or complexity

Interoperable Better Together than Separate
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Bilateral Cooperation

• U.S.-EU GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement signed
  in 2004
• Four working groups were set up under the
  agreement
• Improved new civil signal (MBOC) adopted in July
  2007
• First Plenary Meeting successfully held in
  October 2008
• Planning for the next Plenary meeting to be held
  next Spring
• U.S.-Russia Joint Statement issued in Dec 2004
• Negotiations for a U.S.-Russia Agreement on
  satellite navigation cooperation underway since
  late 2005
• Working Groups on compatibility/interoperability,
  search and rescue

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Bilateral Cooperation (continued)

• U.S.-Japan Joint Statement on GPS Cooperation in
  1998
• Japans Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS)
  designed to be fully compatible and highly
  interoperable with GPS
• Bilateral agreements to set up QZSS monitoring
  stations in Hawaii and Guam. Guam station
  completed!
• U.S.-India Joint Statement on GNSS Coop. in 2007
• Technical Meetings focused on GPS-India Regional
  Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) compatibility
  and interoperability held in 2008 and 2009
• U.S.-China operator-to-operator coordination
  under ITU auspices
• Bilateral Meetings at Geneva, June 2007 Xian,
  China, May 2008 Geneva, October 2008
• Next meeting scheduled for December 2009

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U.S. - Australia Cooperation

• Long history of GPS cooperation between U.S. and
  Australia
• U.S.-Australia Joint Delegation Statement on
  Cooperation in the Civil Use of GPS signed
  April 19, 2007
• Cooperation expands upon existing efforts to
  ensure interoperability between U.S. and
  Australian GPS augmentation systems
• U.S. Coast Guard NAVCEN posts a daily Position
  Dilution of Precision (PDOP) report in response
  to Australias concerns over planned GPS outages

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International Committee on Global Navigation
Satellite Systems (ICG)?

• Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on the Exploration
  and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space July 1999
• Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into
  infrastructures, particularly in developing
  countries
• Encourage compatibility and interoperability
  among global and regional systems
• Members include
• GNSS Providers (U.S., EU, Russia, China, India,
  Japan)
• Other Member States of the United Nations
• International organizations/associations

http//www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SAP/gnss/icg.html
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Fourth Meeting of the ICG St. Petersburg,
Russia, September 2009

• Working Group on Compatibility and
  Interoperability will continue working on these
  important principles and their definition
• Process of seeking users and manufacturers views
  on interoperability will continue workshop held
  yesterday
• Adopted new principle on transparency Every
  provider should publish documentation that
  describes signal and system information, policies
  of provision and minimum levels of performance
  for its open services
• Established Time and Geodesy Task Forces to
  pursue traceability to international standards,
  enhancing interoperability for the user
• Agreed to support a proposal for a multi-GNSS
  Demonstration Project in the Asia/Oceania region

Fifth Meeting of ICG will be jointly hosted by
Italy and the European Union, October 18 22,
2010 in Turin, Italy
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APEC GIT Cooperation

• The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  forum facilitates economic growth, cooperation,
  trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific
• region for its 21 member economies
• The APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT) has
  focused on air traffic control and aviation
  issues
• The group has broadened its focus to the
  application of GNSS in all transportation sectors
• Additional participation of GNSS government and
  industry experts at APEC GIT-13 at Singapore in
  July 2009 project proposal made on surface
  transportation
• APEC GIT-14 meeting will be held in Seattle,
  Washington, June 21-24, 2010

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Summary

• GPS is highly dependable and its performance
  continues to improve
• U.S. Space-based PNT policy encourages worldwide
  use of civil GPS and augmentations
• Policy stability and transparency improve
  industry confidence and investment
• The U.S. is actively engaged in bilateral, and
  multilateral GNSS cooperation
• As new regional and global navigation satellite
  systems are emerging, interoperability is the key
  to success for all

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Contact Information

• David A. Turner
• Deputy Director
• Space and Advanced Technology
• U.S. Department of State
• OES/SAT, SA-23, Suite 410
• Washington, D.C. 20520
• 202.663.2397 (office)
• 202.320.1972 (mobile)
• TurnerDA_at_state.gov
• http//www.state.gov/g/oes/sat/
• http//pnt.gov/international/

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