Why, if'''

1
FederalismMalcomlson Myers Chapter 4

• Why, if...
• the Fathers of Confederation intended such a
  strong central government, and
• the constitution so strongly favours the federal
  government,
• are the provinces so powerful and Canadian
  federalism so decentralized?

2
Federalism (cont)Malcolmson Myers, Ch. 4

• Forces generating decentralization
• Judicial interpretation
• Regionalism
• Technological change events
• World Wars and Great Depression
• Income Corporate taxation, Socialized Medicine
• Failure of national party system

3
Federalism (cont)Malcolmson Myers, Ch. 4

• Judicial Interpretation
• Russell vs. Queen (1882)
• Local Prohibition Case (1886)
• Maritime Bank Case (1892)

4
Federalism (cont)Malcolmson Myers, Ch. 4

• Judicial Interpretation
• Russell v. The Queen (1882) Hodge v. The Queen
  (1883)
• Initial success in establishing power of POGG
  clause
• Enunciation of double aspect of powers, i.e., one
  aspect of a function (e.g., funding) may be a
  federal power, whilst another aspect (e.g.,
  administration) may be a provincial power
• Local Prohibition Case (1886)
• Maritime Bank Case (1892)

5
Federalism (cont)Malcolmson Myers, Ch. 4

• Judicial Interpretation
• Russell vs. Queen (1882)
• Local Prohibition Case (1886)
• The exercise of legislative power of Canada,
  in regard to all matters not enumerated in s. 91,
  ought to be strictly confined to such matters as
  are of unquestionably Canadian interest and
  importance
• Maritime Bank Case (1892)

6
Federalism (cont)Malcolmson Myers, Ch. 4

• Judicial Interpretation
• Russell vs. Queen (1882)
• Local Prohibition Case (1886)
• Maritime Bank Case (1892)
• Lt Governors General Governors, i.e., Crowns
  sovereignty equal whether exercised via national
  or provincial government

7
Federalism (cont)Malcolmson Myers, Ch. 4

• Forces generating decentralization
• Judicial interpretation
• Regionalism
• Technological change events
• World Wars and Great Depression
• Income Corporate taxation, Socialized Medicine
• Failure of national party system

8
Federalism (cont)Malcolmson Myers, Ch. 4

• Regionalism
• Geographic distance and economic diversity create
  divergent interests
• Powerful premiers (e.g., Oliver Mowat, Duplessis)
  resist Ottawas dominance
• Alan Cairns The Government and Societies of
  Canadian Federalism
• a version of ambition-against-ambition

9
Federalism (cont)Malcolmson Myers, Ch. 4

• Forces generating decentralization
• Judicial interpretation
• Regionalism
• Technological change events
• World Wars and Great Depression
• Income Corporate taxation, Socialized Medicine
• Failure of national party system