Oft%20him%20an-haga%20%20are%20gebide

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Oft him an-haga are gebideþ Metodes mildse
þeah-þe he mod-cearig Geond lagu-lade lange
scolde Hreran mid handum hrim-cealde sæ Wadan
wræc-lastas. Wyrd biþ ful aræd. Swa cwæþ
eard-stapa earfoþa gemyndig Wraþra wael-sleahta
wine-maga hryre. Oft ic scolde ana uhtna
gehwelce Mine ceare cwiþan nis nu cwicra nan ðe
ic him mod-sefan minne durre Sweotule asecgan.
Ic to soþe wat ðæt biþ on eorle indryhten
þeaw ðæt he his ferhþ-locan fæste binde Healde
his hord-cofan hycge swa he wille.
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Old English mid-Ve - 1066 Middle
English 1066 - late XVe Modern English
XVIe - present
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• Old English mid-Ve 1066 (aka Anglo-Saxon)
• the language of Beowulf and the Wanderer
• Germanic, hence heavily inflected and synthetic
• special symbols invented by Latin-writing
  scribes
• thorn(þ), eth(ð), asc(æ)
• many survivals (80 of 1000 most common words)
• Middle English 1066 - late Xve
• Modern English XVIe present

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(No Transcript)
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Roman invasion occupation (43-c.410)
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Germanic invasions (c.450) Angles, Saxons, Jutes
Roman invasion occupation (43-c.410)
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Viking raids (9th c.)
Germanic invasions (c.450) Angles, Saxons, Jutes
Roman invasion occupation (43-c.410)
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Viking raids (9th c.)
Germanic invasions (c.450) Angles, Saxons, Jutes
Norman conquest (1066)
Roman invasion occupation (43-c.410)
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• Old English mid-Ve 1066
• the language of Beowulf and the Wanderer
• Germanic, hence heavily inflected and synthetic
• special symbols invented by Latin-writing
  scribes
• Thorn(þ), eth(ð), asc(æ)
• Many survivals (80 of 1000 most common words)
• Middle English 1066 - late Xve
• Radical decline in inflections and declensions
  hence more analytic
• Extensive borrowings from French and Latin
• Chaucer / Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
• Modern English XVIe present

10

• Old English mid-Ve 1066
• the language of Beowulf and the Wanderer
• Germanic, hence heavily inflected and synthetic
• special symbols invented by Latin-writing
  scribes
• Thorn(þ), eth(ð), asc(æ)
• Many survivals (80 of 1000 most common words)
• Middle English 1066 - late Xve
• Radical decline in inflections and declensions
  hence more analytic
• Extensive borrowings from French and Latin
• Chaucer / Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
• Modern English XVIe present
• Great Vowel Shift
• Shakespeare / Milton
• OE/ME/ModE compared

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• Old English Poetry
• roughly 30,000 lines survive, mostly in 4 MSS,
  all c. 1000
• Exeter Book (Wanderer, Seafarer, Deor, riddles),
• Junius MS (Genesis, Exodus, Daniel, Christ and
  Satan)
• Vercelli MS (Dream of the Rood)
• MS Cotton Vitellius A.xv. (Beowulf, Battle of
  Maldon)
• originally oral poetryhence formulaic, as well
  see
• three main modes heroic, elegiac, religious
• aa/ax pattern
• Specialized poetic vocabulary and style
• synonyms
• periphrasis
• variation
• kennings

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The opening of The Wanderer in the 10th-century
Exeter Book (Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3501)
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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The opening lines of Beowulf in MS Cotton
Vitellius A.x
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ENGLISH 2310 GRADY FALL 2009 QUIZ
1   Match the names with the correct
descriptions. (5 pts)   ____ 1.
Wealtheow A. Wife of Hrothgar ____ 2.
Hygelac B. Father of Beowulf ____ 3.
Heorot C. Thane of Hrothgar who insults
Beowulf ____ 4. Unferth D. King of Geats
uncle of Beowulf ____ 5. Ecgtheow F.
Mead-hall where Grendel attacks
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• Old English Poetry
• roughly 30,000 lines survive, mostly in 4 MSS,
  all c. 1000
• Exeter Book (Wanderer, Seafarer, Deor, riddles),
• Junius MS (Genesis, Exodus, Daniel, Christ and
  Satan)
• Vercelli MS (Dream of the Rood)
• MS Cotton Vitellius A.xv. (Beowulf, Battle of
  Maldon)
• originally oral poetry, written down only later
• performed by a scop (Beowulf, 866-73)
• formulaic, as well see
• three main modes heroic, elegiac, religious
• aa/ax pattern
• Specialized poetic vocabulary and style
• synonyms
• God God, dryhten, frea, hlaford, þeoden,
  wealdend, metode, weard, scyppend

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• Old English Poetry
• roughly 30,000 lines survive, mostly in 4 MSS,
  all c. 1000
• Exeter Book (Wanderer, Seafarer, Deor, riddles),
• Junius MS (Genesis, Exodus, Daniel, Christ and
  Satan)
• Vercelli MS (Dream of the Rood)
• MS Cotton Vitellius A.xv. (Beowulf, Battle of
  Maldon)
• originally oral poetry, written down only later
• performed by a scop (Beowulf, 866-73)
• formulaic, as well see
• three main modes heroic, elegiac, religious
• aa/ax pattern
• Specialized poetic vocabulary and style
• synonyms
• God God, dryhten, frea, hlaford, þeoden,
  wealdend, metode, weard, scyppend

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Specialized poetic vocabulary and style
in Anglo-Saxon verse

• Synonyms
• Periphrasis
• Variation
• Kennings

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• Synonyms
• God God, dryhten, frea, hlaford, þeoden,
  wealdend, metode, weard, scyppend
• Man man, wer, gesið, ceorl, eorl, beorn, guma,
  hæleð, rinc, secg
• Periphrasis
• Variation
•  Kennings

• Specialized poetic vocabulary and style

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• Synonyms
• Periphrasis
• Variation
•  Kennings, i.e., metaphors, sometimes recondite
• Whale-road (10)
• Swans road (200)
• Unlocked his word-hoard (258)

• Specialized poetic vocabulary and style

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• Synonyms
• Periphrasis, i.e., paraphrase of names/titles
• A fiend out of hell (101)
• This grim demon (102)
• The God-cursed brute (121)
• The hall-watcher (142)
• That dark death-shadow (160)
• These reavers from hell (163)
• The Lords outcast (169)
• Variation
•  Kennings

• Specialized poetic vocabulary and style

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• Synonyms
• Periphrasis
• Variation, i.e. repetition of sentence elements
  in apposition
• Then a powerful demon, a prowler through the
  dark,
• nursed a hard grievance. It harrowed him
• to hear the din of the loud banquet
• every day in the hall, the harp being struck
• and the clear song of the skilled poet.
•   (Beowulf 86-90)
•  Kennings

• Specialized poetic vocabulary and style

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Formulae and other motifs in Anglo-Saxon
poetry Ruin The Wanderer So this middle-earth
wind-blown walls stand covered with frost-fall,
storm-beaten dwellings. Wine-halls totter, the
lord lies bereft of joy, all the company has
fallen, bold men beside the wall. Ubi sunt
(where are they?) The Wanderer Where has the
horse gone? Where the young warrior? Where is the
giver of treasure? What has become of the
feasting seats? Where are the joys of the hall?
Alas, the bright cup! Alas, the mailed warrior!
Alas, the prince's glory! Beot (formal
boast) Beowulf 631-41 Beowulf 2510-15
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Formulae and other motifs in Anglo-Saxon
poetry Ruin The Wanderer So this middle-earth
wind-blown walls stand covered with frost-fall,
storm-beaten dwellings. Wine-halls totter, the
lord lies bereft of joy, all the company has
fallen, bold men beside the wall. Ubi sunt
(where are they?) The Wanderer Where has the
horse gone? Where the young warrior? Where is the
giver of treasure? What has become of the
feasting seats? Where are the joys of the hall?
Alas, the bright cup! Alas, the mailed warrior!
Alas, the prince's glory! Beot (formal
boast) Beowulf 631-41 Beowulf 2510-15 Flyting
(charge/defense/countercharge) Beowulf 499-601
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Formulae and other motifs in Anglo-Saxon
poetry Ruin Ubi sunt (where are
they?) Beot (formal boast) Flyting
(charge/defense/countercharge) beasts of
battle The Wanderer War took away some, bore
them forth on their way a bird carried one away
over the deep sea a wolf shared one with Death
another a man sad of face hid in an
earth-pit. Battle of Maldon Now was combat
near, glory in battle. The time had come when
doomed men should fall. Shouts were raised
ravens circled, the eagle eager for food. On
earth there was uproar. Beowulf, 3021-27
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Formulae and other motifs in Anglo-Saxon
poetry Ruin Ubi sunt (where are they?) Beot
(formal boast) Flyting (charge/defense/counterchar
ge) beasts of battle shaking the
spear Battle of Maldon Birhtnoth spoke, raised
his shield, his slender ash-spear, uttered words,
angry and resolute gave him answer Do you
hear, seafarer, what this folk says? They will
give you spears for tribute, poisoned point and
old sword Offa spoke, shook his ash-spear
Lo, you, Ælfwine, have encouraged us all, thanes
in need Then Dunnere spoke, shook his spear
humble churl, he cried over all, bade each
warrior avenge Birhtnoth. Beowulf,
234-6
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Formulae and other motifs in Anglo-Saxon
poetry Ruin Ubi sunt (where are they?) Beot
(formal boast) Flyting (charge/defense/counterchar
ge) beasts of battle shaking the spear hero
on the beach? Beowulf, 569-81 Beowulf,-1963-1970

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Formulae and other motifs in Anglo-Saxon
poetry Ruin Ubi sunt (where are they?) Beot
(formal boast) Flyting (charge/defense/counterchar
ge) beasts of battle shaking the spear hero
on the beach? arming of the warrior? Beowulf
1441-64
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Formulae and other motifs in Anglo-Saxon
poetry Ruin Ubi sunt (where are they?) Beot
(formal boast) Flyting (charge/defense/counterchar
ge) beasts of battle shaking the spear hero
on the beach? arming of the warrior?

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The opening lines of Beowulf in MS Cotton
Vitellius A.x