Optical Fiber

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TRIPLE PRONG INSPECTION OF CARGO FOR DETECTION OF
EXPLOSIVES AND NUCLEAR MATERIALS
Brookhaven National Laboratory Lucian
Wielopolski, Ph.D. Scientific Innovations
Inc. Joseph Brondo, CEO PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
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CERBERUS- is one of the off springs of Typhoeus
and Echidna. It is a three headed dog with a
snake tail and snake heads protruding from his
back. He guards the entrance to the underworld,
allowing the dead to enter but, never to leave.
One of the few living mortals to get past
Cerberus was Orpheus who charmed it to sleep with
his song during his attempt to rescue Eurydice
from death. Fetching Cerberus from the underworld
and displaying him to King Eurystheus was the
last labor of Heracles .
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Objective
A full scale demonstration of a triple prong
inspection of large cargo containers for
detection of explosives and nuclear materials
using Gamma Resonance, Photo-Fission, and
High-Z Detection Technology
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End Product
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Basic Characteristics
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Principles
Gamma Resonance Technology, GRT is based on
resonance interaction of gamma radiation with a
specific level in a nucleus of an element of
interest, e.g., N, O, Cl, and detection of the
transmitted incident radiation or that induced
by nuclear fluorescence.
Photo-Fission Technology, PFT is based on
nuclear absorption of energetic gamma rays that
above threshold energy induce fission in fissile
materials, e.g., U-235, Pu-239, Th-232, and
subsequent detection of the emitted delayed
neutrons.
High-Z Detection Technology, HZT is based on
attenuation of dual or triple high energy gamma
beams and solving simultaneous transmission
equations for resolving high- and low-z
materials.
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System Main Components
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GRT Proof-of-Principle
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GRT Demonstration on LD-3
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Cluster Analysis
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Scanning Time Estimates
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PFT Threshold Energies

• (?,n) - Produces only prompt neutrons.
• (?,fission) - Occurs only in fissile materials
  producing prompt and delayed neutrons.
• Threshold Energies in MeV
• Isotope (?,n) (?,fission) Pu-239 5.6
  5.6
• U-235 5.3 5.8
• U-238 6.1 5.8
• Th-232 6.4 6.0

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PFT Proof-of-Principle
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PFT Yield
Emax n ?dr3 ?F(E,x)N(x,t)s(E)dE Ethres
En Ephoton - Ethres
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HZT Formulation
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HZT L/H Ratio
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Low- High-Z Separation
Materials with the same optical thickness at 5
MeV can be separated at higher energies
H2O Fe Pb U
T (cm) _at_ 5 MeV 5x5 58.75 7.15 3.68 2.12
T (cm) _at_ 5 MeV 10x10 14.72 1.79 0.923 0.53
Aexp (-OT) 5x5 0.169 0.169 0.169 0.169
Aexp (-OT) 10x10 0.640 0.640 0.640 0.640
A _at_ 10 MeV 5x5 0.272 0.185 0.129 0.129
A _at_ 10 MeV 10x10 0.722 0.656 0.598 0.599
A _at_ 15 MeV 5x5 0.325 0.178 0.099 0.094
A _at_ 15 MeV 10x10 0.755 0.648 0.559 0.554
Ratio 5/10 MeV 5x5 0.621 0.914 1.31 1.31
Ratio 5/10 MeV 10x10 0.886 0.976 1.07 1.07
Ratio 5/15 MeV 5x5 0.52 0.949 1.72 1.79
Ratio 5/15 MeV 10x10 0.848 0.988 1.14 1.15
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Applications
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Applications
Alternative implementations of the Resonance
Technology
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Applications
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Applications
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Compact Accelerator Footprint
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Accelerator Configurations
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Accelerator Configurations
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Rotating Target System
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Rotating Target System
GRFT
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Targets For O and Cl
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By using different target material or a
combination of materials elements other than
nitrogen can also be investigated

• Layered Targets
• CS2 Enriched in 13C and 34S for detection of
  N and Cl.
• BN (Boron Nitrate enriched with 13C) 13C
  11B 15N with Ep _at_ 1.75 1.1 0.6 MeV
  respectively, we can measure N C and O,
  simultaneously.

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Targets For O and Cl
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Rotating target allows a better heat absorption
and to be layered with different elements or
compounds. For example Target E? Ep
?/p 13C 9.17 1.75 5.50E-9 7Li 17.6 0.44 8.
22E-9 11B 12.8, 4.4 1.39 2.14E-8 19F 6.13 1
.37 6.24E-7 26Mg 9.37 2.02 4.87E-9
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Multiple Uses of the Basic System
Future expansion of the basic unit by adding
various detection systems and accelerators to the
same high voltage generator
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Multiple Uses of the Basic System
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Proposed Test Site
BNL test site for a container scanning system
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Participants

• Scientific Innovations Inc.
• Joseph Brondo
• SCIENTIFIC
• BNL
• Peter Thieberger
• Jim Alessi
• Istvan Dioszegi
• Mike Todosow
• Albert L Hanson
• Hans Luudewig
• NRC Soreq
• David Vartsky
• Mark B. Goldberg

• Scientific Innovations Inc.
• Joseph Brondo
• COMMERCIAL
• Accelerator
• Manufacturers (2)
• Commercial Production
• and Deployment (4)
• (Boeing, Lockheed,
• L-3, Northrop Grumman,)

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Organization
SII Commercialization
CRADA
COMMERCIAL
FEDERAL
Field System Design Manufacturing
BNL RD
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Time Table
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BNL Budget
Accelerator Rental, delivery, and
installation 750,000 Detectors Resonance
Detectors and electronics 250,000 Target Rotati
ng target 200,000 Miscellaneous Shielding,
materials, 200,000 Labor 3FTE
(Eqv.) 800,000 Total 2,000,000
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Summary

• Cerberus is a multi prong technology that fills
  in an
• existing critical security gap.
• It is novel, compact, flexible, adaptable to new
• applications.

• A full scale cargo inspection prototype test
  facility can
• be ready in about one year.

• The cost of a final systems is estimated at
  about 2.5- 3.0M (2 headed accelerator 1.7M,
  150 detectors, target, system engineering
  0.8M).

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The End