Chapter 1 Slides

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Exposure Java
Chapter 1 Slides
Introduction to Computer Science
PowerPoint Presentation created by Mr. John L.
M. Schram
From Materials Created by Mr. Leon Schram
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The Nothing is Obvious Story
Imagine a young boy in the Amazon jungles. This
boys has always lived in the jungle without any
modern conveniences. He has never been in a
city he has never seen a television nor seen a
book. Now imagine that for some reasons unknown
this young boy travels to Colorado in the Winter
time. The little boy stands in a yard somewhere
and watches the snow with bewilderment. He is
astonished he does not understand what is
falling from the sky. Another little boy, about
the same age, from Colorado, looks at the boy's
behavior. The Colorado boy is confused, why is
the boy acting so odd? Obviously it is snowing,
so what is the big deal?
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The Exposure Equation
Bewilderment Exposure Obvious
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Exposure in Extracurricular Activities

• Drill team performance
• Half-time band show
• Football Team blocking
• Basketball free throws
• Baseball batting

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The Curious Exposure Discrepancy
Students recognize that only continuous practice
will result in a good showing at a brief
performance or brief competition Many of the
same students barely read or practice a topic
once for an academic subject. It appears that
preparation for a known, short performance
requires practice, but preparation for life
receives only minimal effort from many students.

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Roller Coaster Emotions
The majority of computer science assignments work
or they do not work. This causes considerable
emotions with most beginning students. Many
students get very excited when a program works,
and very depressed when many hours of effort
result in nothing. Accept - that a computer is
not intelligent and requires 100 correct
information. Do not become angry with the
computer, nor with yourself. Determine the
discrepancy (small we always hope) and try again.
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Learning Computer Science

• Read assignments before lecture.
• Listen to the lecture. Pay attention even if the
  topic is confusing.
• Play with the computer. Try different
  approaches. Learn by discovery.
• Ask questions whenever you are confused.
  Concentrate questions on topic being discussed.
• Read assignments again after the lecture.

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Learning Computer Science (continued)

• Read lab assignments before scheduled lab time.
  Prepare a solution for lab assignment.
• Work on lab assignment.
• Ask clear - to the point - questions when you are
  confused.
• Get clarification on any shaky topic before
  taking a test.
• Cramming does not work in Computer Science.

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Excessive Help
Excessive help - kind of help a student uses to
complete an assignment without learning the
required concepts. Positive help - kind of help
a student gets to understand the required
concepts, so that the student learns to do the
assignment
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Excessive Help Catches Up

• Lab Exercises
• Computer Lab Programming Tests
• Class quizzes
• Multiple Choice Tests

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Three Ways Where Computers Beat People

• Computers are faster.
• Computers are more accurate.
• Computers do not forget.

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First Five Letters In Morse code
A ? ??? short - long B ??? ? ?
? long - short - short - short C ??? ? ???
? long - short - long - short D ??? ?
? long - short - short E ? short
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Three "8" Light Bulbs Combinations
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Counting in Base 2
Base Base Base Base Base Base 10 2 10 2 10
2 1 1 17 10001 33 100001 2 10 18 10010 34 10001
0 3 11 19 10011 35 100011 4 100 20 10100 36 1001
00 5 101 21 10101 37 100101 6 110 22 10110 38 10
0110 7 111 23 10111 39 100111 8 1000 24 11000 40
101000 9 1001 25 11001 41 101001 10 1010 26 1101
0 42 101010 11 1011 27 11011 43 101011 12 1100 2
8 11100 44 101100 13 1101 29 11101 45 101101 14
1110 30 11110 46 101110 15 1111 31 11111 47 1011
11 16 10000 32 100000 48 110000
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Bits and Bytes

• A BIT is a BInary digiT that is either 0 (off) or
  1 (on).
• 1 byte 8 bits
• 1 byte has 256 different combinations and stores
  1 character

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Computers Chips

• CPU chip Central Processing Chip
• ROM chip Read Only Memory
• RAM chip Random Access Memory

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Measuring Memory

• KB Kilo Byte 1000 bytes
• MB Mega Byte 1 million bytes
• GB Giga Byte 1 billion bytes
• TB Tera Byte 1 trillion bytes

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Program Definition
A program is a sequence of instructions that
makes a computer perform a desired task. A
programmer is a person who writes a program for a
computer.
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Types of Languages

• ? High-level
• ? Low-level
• A translator translates a High-level language
  into a Low-Level language.

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Types of Translators

• ? Interpreter
• ? Compiler
• Grace Hopper was instrumental in developing the
  first translator as well as the language COBOL.

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Low-Level Languages

• Machine code
• Assembly language

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Well Known High LevelProgram Languages

• FORTRAN
• COBOL
• PL1
• BASIC
• Pascal
• C
• C
• Java