LESSON 1 TASKS

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LESSON 1 TASKS

• Log on a computer, preferably on campus.
• FIND MY WEB PAGE FOR MATH 155
• PRINT LESSON 1 slides as handouts, 6 to a page,
  through the web.
• GET MY BOOK
• (If you had to order my book, PRINT the first
  half of Chapter Two, through the web.)
• OPEN MINITAB and do exercises 1, 2.

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First We Review Highlights of LESSON 1 IF YOU
ARE NEW TODAY, Be Sure to Read the Power Point
Slides for LESSON 1
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 1
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MATH 155MODERN STATISTICS

• Prerequisites High School Algebra
  II
• and
  Plane Geometry
• I WILL NOT SIGN ADD SLIPS.
• Dr. Luft

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MATH 155MODERN STATISTICS

• Prerequisites High School Algebra
  II
• and
  Plane Geometry
• Textbook 1 A First Course in
  Statistics, 9th ed
• by
  McClave and Sincich
• Textbook 2 Statistics by Power, 6th ed
• by Philip E. Luft
• ASK AT THE
  INFO DESK
• THIS IS NON-RETURNABLE

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Dr. Philip E. Luft

• On-campus email Philip Luft
• Off-campus email peluft_at_salisbury.edu
• Office Telephone [phone]
• Office Hours in HS 126
• See my Schedule on the web.
• http//faculty.salisbury.edu/peluft/155/

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FINAL EXAM

• JOURNAL ESSAY
• MULTIPLE CHOICE using WebCT

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RIGHT AWAY YOU MUST HAVE

• EITHER a copy of my book from the bookstore
• OR parts of Chapter Two printed from the web at
  http//faculty.salisbury.edu/peluft/155/BOOK/Link
  s.htm (on the 155 web page, select Statistics by
  Power)
• If the bookstore is out, you must order
• either on line (at the bookstore site)
• or at the bookstore by filling out a paper form
• EMAIL me if youre waiting for my book!

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QUIZZES

• No quiz the first 2 lessons but then a quiz
  almost
• EVERY DAY except when a test is returned
• ALWAYS FROM HOMEWORK PROBLEMS
• BRING COMPUTER PRINTOUT
• from underlined problemS, on which to write the
  quiz
• Otherwise, HOMEWORK is NOT collected.
• AFTER the REQUIRED NUMBER of QUIZZES,
• THE REST ARE MAKEUPS of missing and low grades
• No makeup quizzes OUTSIDE class
• Please do not ask for extra makeups
• ANSWERS at the end of my CHAPTERS.

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YOU MUST BE WILLING TO

• DO YOUR HOMEWORK
• ASK QUESTIONS OUTSIDE CLASS
• USE THE COMPUTER AS ASSIGNED
• ATTEND REGULARLYNOT TOO LATE!
• BRING COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS
• KEEP EYES FRONT DURING QUIZZES AND TESTS
• FOLLOW THE POLICIES
• TAKE THE FINAL ON THE DAY SCHEDULED
  (see the day and time at the bottom of
  the pink sheets)

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PASSWORDS

• get on the internet
• www2.salisbury.edu/password
• synchronize your password as directed
• try to log on in a campus lab
• if you have trouble, visit FH 149

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FIND ME ON THE WEB

• INTERNET EXPLORER OR NETSCAPE
• http//faculty.salisbury.edu/peluft/155/
• PRINT THE POLICIES
• READ THE POLICIES
• FOLLOW THE POLICIES

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IF YOU ARE NEW TODAY, Be Sure to Read All the
Power Point Slides for LESSON 1 Now We Look at
LESSON 2
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 19
26
Chapter Two 0.2 Populations and Samples   A
population is a set of all of the subjects of
interest, together with data on one or more
subject variables. But usually we don't have
information on a population we only wish we did.
Most often, the data set we have is for only
some of the subjects in our population. A sample
is a set of some of the subjects of interest,
together with scores on one or more subject
variables.  
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
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Chapter Two 0.3 Measurement Scales   The set of
levels (possible values) is called the scale of a
variable. We classify a variable according to
the kind of mathematical analysis that can be
performed on its levels. All scales are
considered nominal, in the sense that their
levels are names. But if the levels can be put
in a meaningful order (not just alphabetical), we
say the scale is ordinal. Then we can define a
set minimum. And if the levels have arithmetic
differences which have the same meaning at
different parts of the scale, we say the scale is
interval. Then we can define a set average.
Finally, if the levels are nonnegative, and if a
zero level means an absence of some definable
quantity, we say the scale is ratio. Then we can
define meaningful ratios of levels. The next
four sections discuss variables whose scales are
nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio,
respectively.
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
28
Chapter Two 1. NOMINAL VARIABLES   All levels
may be considered names, so every variable is
called nominal, after the Latin word nomen, for
name. (Another term is categorical.) Examples
which do not meet the requirements of higher
types are sex, eye color, and whether a person
smokes. Techniques of this section are
convenient for variables with a small number of
levels. Others should be re-coded to obtain a
small number of levels.
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
29
1.1 Sets and Complements  In the students data
set, we might be interested in the following sets
named with a letter or two.   T the set of
all subjects (the totality of subjects) FE
the set of all female students M the set
of all male students FT the set of all
full-time students PT the set of all
part-time students  We can also describe these
sets by listing the subjects which belong to
them   T 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
FE 3, 5, 6, 7, 10 M 1, 2, 4, 8,
9 FT 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 PT 2, 3,
7, 10
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
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( 1.1 Sets and Complements )   T 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 FE 3, 5, 6, 7, 10
M 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 FT 1, 4, 5, 6,
8, 9 PT 2, 3, 7, 10 The complement A'
of a set A consists of all subjects in the data
set D which are not in A. Thus   T'
Ø FE' 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 M M'
3, 5, 6, 7, 10 FE FT' 2, 3, 7,
10 PT PT' 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
FT The complement of the totality of subjects is
called the empty set Ø. Other notations for
the complement of A are Ac and .
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
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1.2 Pie Charts   The proportion of
subjects bearing each level of a variable may be
shown in a pie chart. One1.6. Also the count
of subjects may be shown in a bar graph, as shown
below. Graph gt Pie Chart
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
32
1.2 Bar Graphs (not in MINITAB)
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
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1.2 Bar Graphs (not in MINITAB)
To make a Histogram / Dotplot / Boxplot / Bar
chart of a column Click on Graph gt Histogram
/ Dotplot / Boxplot / Bar Chart double click
on the column name. Double click on one type of
display. Click in the Graph variables window,
and then double click on each variable of
interest. Consider Labels, Multiple Graphs,
etc. Click on OK to display the histogram on your
computer screen. One1.6
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
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LESSON 3
1.3 Tables and Counts
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1.3 Tables and Counts   Subjects are often
classified two ways, using a two-way table.
  EXAMPLE B1 The ten subjects in the students
data set may be classified as in the table below,
showing the total number of female, male,
full-time, and part-time students.
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
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Sometimes the data are given in a sentence or
two, without a data set.   EXAMPLE C1 A college
of 1000 students has 700 day students (and the
rest night students). Also 600 of the students
are men (and the rest are women). If exactly 400
students are both men and day students, how many
are women night students? SOLUTION C1 To
analyze this problem, make a list of the sets
mentioned M men W women D
day students N night students   Next, we
draw a two-way table.
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
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EXAMPLE C1 A college of 1000 students has 700
day students (and the rest night students). Also
600 of the students are men (and the rest are
women). If exactly 400 students are both men day
students, how many are women night students?
SOLUTION C1 Next, we draw a two-way table,
showing sex in the rows and day/night in the
columns.
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
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EXAMPLE C1 A college of 1000 students has 700
day students (and the rest night students). Also
600 of the students are men (and the rest are
women). If exactly 400 students are both men day
students, how many are women night students?
SOLUTION C1 Next, enter the numbers for
marginal sets.
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
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EXAMPLE C1 A college of 1000 students has 700
day students (and the rest night students). Also
600 of the students are men (and the rest are
women). If exactly 400 students are both men day
students, how many are women night students?
SOLUTION C1 Next, enter the numbers for
intersections of marginal events.
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20
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SOLUTION C1 Finally, enter the rest of the
numbers by subtraction.
Thus we conclude 100 students are women night
students. Adding the numbers in the shaded
region tells us that 900 students are men or day
students.
M155 L2 Populations, Samples, Scales, Sets, Pie
Charts, Bar Graphs -- Slide 20