Europe

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Europe
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Northern Europe
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United Kingdom

• England
• Scotland
• Wales
• Northern Ireland

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The Republic of Ireland

• Emerald Isle
• Across The Irish Sea From Great Britain

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The Nordic Countries

• Norway
• Sweden
• Finland
• Denmark
• Iceland

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West Central Europe

• France
• Belgium
• Germany
• Netherlands
• Luxemburg
• Switzerland
• Liechtenstein
• Austria

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West Central Europe

• France
• Belgium
• Germany
• Netherlands
• Luxemburg
• Switzerland
• Liechtenstein
• Austria

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Southern Europe

• Portugal
• Spain
• Italy
• Greece

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Southern Europe

• Portugal
• Spain
• Italy
• Greece

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Eastern Europe

• Poland
• Czech Republic
• Slovakia
• Hungary
• Slovenia
• Croatia
• Romania
• Bosnia and
• Herzegovina
• Serbia and
• Montenegro
• Bulgaria
• Albania
• Macedonia

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Eastern Europe

• Poland
• Czech Republic
• Slovakia
• Hungary
• Sloyenia
• Croatia
• Romania
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Serbia and Montenegro
• Bulgaria
• Albania
• Macedonia

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Europes Four Major Landforms

• Northwest Highlands
• Northern European Plain
• Central Uplands
• Alpine Mountain System

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Northwest Highlands

• Ancient, Eroded Region of Rugged Hills and Low
  Mountains
• Includes Hills of Ireland and England, Scottish
  Highlands, Brittany in Northwest France, Most of
  the Iberian Peninsula, and the Kjolen Mountains
  in Norway and Sweden

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Northern European Plain

• Largest Landform in Europe
• Extends From Atlantic Ocean in France Into Russia
  and Borders the North Atlantic Ocean, the North
  Sea, and the Baltic Sea
• Most of Region is Less Than 500 Feet

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Central Uplands

• Ancient , Hilly Area of Europe
• Consist of the Massif Central of France and the
  Jura Mountains on the French-Swiss Border
• Includes the Black Forest and Bavarian Plateau of
  Germany, Bohemian Highlands, and the Ardennes
  Mountains

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Alpine System

• Includes Highest Mountain Range
• Includes the Carpathian Mountains in Eastern
  Europe
• Includes the Apennines In Italy
• Includes the Pyrenees

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Europes Three Major Climates

• Marine West Coast
• Humid Continental
• Mediterranean
• The Moderating Influence of the North Atlantic
  Helps Prevent Extreme Temperatures

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Marine West Coast Climate

• Northern and West Central Europe
• Warm Prevailing Westerly Winds Bring Rainy Storms
  (North Atlantic Drift)
• 20 to 80 Inches of Rain Per Year
• Scotland and Norway Receive Most Rain Due to
  Orographic Effect

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Humid Continental Climate

• East and Inland of Marine West Coast
• Stretches Across Sweden, Finland, Southward
  Across Most of Eastern Europe As Far As Bulgaria

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Mediterranean Climate

• Portugal Spain, Italy, Albania, Macedonia,
  Greece, and Parts of France Croatia, and Bulgaria
• Receives 10 to 30 Inches of Rain Per Year

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Natural Resources

• Water Coastline Provides Ice-free Harbors and
  Navigable Rivers
• Mediterranean Sea Polluted, but Provides Some
  Fishing
• Black Sea, Connects to Mediterranean Sea by the
  Strait of Bosporus
• North Sea Trade, Fishing, and Oil
• Baltic Sea Ices Over

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Natural Resources

• Forests Cut in Past, Now Pollution Has Killed
  Rest
• Only Finland and Sweden Still Have Forest
• Clearing and Overgrazing Have Destroyed the
  Mediterraneans Oak Forests
• Soil Is Good for Production, but Technology Is
  Lacking

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Natural Resources

• Energy Relies Heavily on Imports
• Minerals UK, Germany, Benelux Countries, and
  the Czech Republic Have Deposits of Iron and Coal
  and Sweden and France Have Iron
• North Sea and the Netherlands Provide Some Oil
  and Natural Gas, but Europe Still Must Rely on
  Imports

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Historical Geography

• The British, First to Establish Foreign Colonies
• What Is an Alliance?
• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
  1949 Designed to Protect Western Germany From
  Soviet Union. 13 European Nations , Turkey,
  Canada, and the U.S.
• Warsaw Pact 1955 Soviet Union and Its Allies
• Soviet Union Collapsed in 1991

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Human Geography

• Religion
• Roman Catholicism Southern Europe
• Protestant Northern and Central Europe
• Jewish Small Amount in Western Europe
• Muslims Southeastern Europe and in Many Major
  Cities

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Economy

• Economic Associations
• Break Down Trade Barriers
• Most Important European Union
• EU Formed in 1957
• 15 European Countries Are Members of the EU
• Euro Currency Will Provide Economic and
  Political Unification
• European Free Trade Association 4 Countries,
  Hold Trade Agreements With the EU Members

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European Associations
The European Union (EU) was established in 1993
by the 12 nations of the European Community. The
EU works toward better political and economic
integration and cooperation between member
nations. Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the
EU in 1995.
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European Associations
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European Challenges

• Unemployment, Traffic Congestion, and Crime
• Ethnic Tensions
• Illegal Immigration
• Limited Energy Resources
• Environmental Pollution
• Antinuclear Movements Greens
• Overcrowding