Central question:

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Submarine volcanic heat flux and hydrography
perspectives from Northeast Pacific
observations, theory, and experiments Proposed
dissertation for Scott Veirs in the UW School of
Oceanography
Approach
Central question How do plumes and currents
interact above the Main Endeavour vent field to
affect the measurement of hydrothermal heat flux?
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HIGH BUOYANCY FLUX FIELDS SDF Salty Dawg HRF
High Rise MEF Main Endeavour MF Mothra
LOW BUOYANCY FLUX FIELDS C Cirque D Dune CB
Clam Bed Q Quebec
New or suspected fields
Bathymetric contour interval 100m
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1995
100m
CTD
vents
1 km
current
2000
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CTD VOC
Upper control volume
1800
CTD curtain
1850
350
1900
CTD ribbon
2000
2070
500m NS
Ridge crest
2100
ABE survey
800m long
MEF Sea floor
2210
400m wide
m above MEF sea floor
Depth
Lower control volume
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200m NE of MEF, 1995 1km S of MEF,
2000 depth/mab 2175/25 1900/300 2168/15 1968/215
Mean cm/s 1 to N 5 to SW 1 to N 5 to SSW Max
cm/s 5 67 9 13
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MEF heat flux calculation
q DqAU, Dq qref (qz/Sz)(S-Sref)
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Synthesis through puff models
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Plume distributions in stratified, oscillatory
cross flow

• Translate source with stepper moter
• Concentration field from light sheet(s) and
  conductivity probe

Lam and Xia, May, 2001
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Interconnecting observation, theory, and
experiment
Observations Assumptions Approaches Products
Currents
MEF/sources
CTD
Dq definition and interpolation, A integration, U
extrapolation Scaling, dimensional analysis
Advection dominates rotation
Puff model
Lab work
qDqAU
q_top q_sides
q_adv
q variance
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• rotary above the ridge crest
• rectified within the axial valley
• mean flows at both levels

Frequencies with dominant spectral power
Vertical coherence 10-100m Horizontal
coherence gt50km Other sources of data?