MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

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MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

• S.K. Hazra
• Chairman SHE Expert Committee
• Indian Chemical Council

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AVERAGE NUMBER OF CHEMICALS ADDED DAILY TO CAS
4000
No of Chemicals since 1939 (in Millions)
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CHEMICALS IN USE

• Only small numbers around 100,000 is commercially
  available
• Global Chemical industry currently produces about
  70,000 Chemicals
• Volumes from less than a Ton/Year to Millions of
  Tons/Year
• New Chemicals into the market 200-300/Year

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GLOBAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

• Current Annual Production of Chemicals currently
  is over 400 Million Tons as against 1 Million in
  1930
• Sales in 2001 US 1500 Billions
• Percentage of Global Income 7
• Percentage of International Trade 9
• Employment 10 Millions
• Annual Growth Rate 3

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• CHEMICALS CONTRIBUTION
• TO
• MANKIND

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AGRICULTURE

• Chemicals constitute 30 of the value of material
  inputs that go into agricultural production.

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FOOD

• Chemicals constitute 12 of the value of material
  inputs used to make and package food.

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CLOTHING

• Chemicals constitute 28 of the value of material
  inputs in clothing.

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MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

• Chemicals contribute 28 of the value of
  material inputs used to make medical equipment.

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MEDICINE

• Chemicals contribute 84 of the value of material
  inputs used to make medicines

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COMPUTERS

• Chemicals constitute 12 of the value of material
  inputs in Computers

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COMPACT DISCS AND TAPES

• Chemistry contributes 44 of the value of
  material inputs that go into Compact Discs (CD)
  and Tapes

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GLOBAL CHEMICAL SCENARIO

• Global per capita Chemical consumption 333
• Per capita Chemical production
• EU 1830
• NA 1700
• China 154
• India 36
• Indian will witness phenomenal rise in Chemical
  production and consumption

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PROBLEMS

• High consumption of Chemicals pose problems
• Unsustainable exploitation of planets natural
  resources
• Generation of chemical waste
• Most of the waste is of Hazardous nature
• Hazardous Waste if not managed, further
  deteriorate the planets natural resources

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• PRESENT STATUS OF SUSTAINABILITY OF
• PLANET EARTH

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GLOBAL FOOTPRINT

• Earth has a fixed Bio capacity
• Total combination of planets Natural Resources
  (Water, Earth Air) and its ability to rejuvenate
  these resources
• Each country depending on its degree of
  industrialization consumes planets Natural
  Resources and creates a Global Footprint
• These Footprints put pressure on planets
  resources
• US 9.7
• EU 4.7
• China 1.8
• India 0.8

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GLOBAL FOOTPRINT

• In 1960 total Global Footprint was 60 of Worlds
  Bio capacity
• By 2003 Global Footprint had increased to an
  unsustainable rate 130 of Global Bio capacity

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ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT (WWF ESTIMATE)

• Each person in planet occupies an Ecological
  Footprint equivalent to average 2.2 Hectres in
  terms of their capacity to pollute and consume
  energy and other Natural Resources
• Developed economies e.g. US 9.6 Hectres
• Planet can only sustain 1.8 Hectres each

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SUSTAINING OF OUR PLANET DEMANDS

• Reduction of Global Footprint
• Reduction of average Ecological Footprint
• Management, Reduction and Elimination of Waste
• Elimination of toxic substances from products,
  vehicles and facilities
• Renewable energy resources
• Redesigning process using Biotechnology, Nano
  Technology
• Resource efficient Transportation
• New business model on sustainability based
  commerce
• Inculcating sustainability principles in peoples
  livelihood

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• HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

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HAZARDOUS WASTE
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DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

• In India it was first defined as Hazardous Waste
  (Management and Handling) Rules 1989 which
  contained a schedule list of 13 categories
• India signed Basel Convention on 15.03.1990
• Ratified on 24.06.1992
• Acceded on 22.09.1992
• Basel Convention defines Hazardous Waste in
  Article 2 as
• Waste are substances or objects which are
  disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or
  are required to be disposed by provisions of
  National Law

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DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

• Definition of Hazardous Waste was amended in 2000
  as follows
• Waste substances which are generated in process
  indicated in Column 2 of Schedule 1 and consist
  wholly or partially of the waste substances
  referred to in Column 3 of the same Schedule.
• Waste substances which consist wholly or
  partially of substances indicated in Column 2 of
  Schedule 2, unless the concentration of the
  substances is less than the limit indicated in
  the same Schedule.

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DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

• Waste substances indicated in Part A, list A
  B of Schedule 3 applicable only to Rule 12, 13
  and 14, unless they do not posses any of the
  hazardous characteristics Part B of the same
  Schedule.

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DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

• Supreme Court appointed HPC regarded Hazardous
  Waste as
• Any substances, whether in solid, liquid or
  gaseous form, which has no foreseeable use and
  which by reason of any physical, chemical,
  reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive, corrosive,
  radioactive or infectious characteristics causes
  danger or is likely to cause danger to health or
  environment, whether alone or when in contact
  with other wastes or environment whether alone or
  when in contact with other wastes and environment
  and should be considered as such when generated,
  handled, stored, transported, treated and
  disposed of. This definition includes any
  product that releases hazardous substance at the
  end of its life, if indiscriminately disposed of.

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HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA

• As per 2003 assessment
• Units generating Hazardous Waste 13,011 Nos.
• Total quantity 4.4 Million Tons
• Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu account for
  63 of Hazardous Waste

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HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA

• Number of Industrial Units generating Hazardous
  Waste 13,011
• Total quantity of Hazardous Waste generated by
  these Industries 2.6 Million Tons per Year
• Recyclable 6.27
• Incinerable 7.05

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HAZARDOUS WASTE CLASSIFICATION

• Hazardous Waste classification in Indian mainly
  classified in two categories as follows
• Organic Waste 57
• Acid/Alkali, Slurry Waste 13
• Waste containing Water soluble
• Compounds of Heavy Metals 8
• Off spec. discarded products 6
• Waste Oil inclusion 5

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HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES

• TSDF Status
• Common User Sites
• Sites Identified (Ref. SCMC Report) 89
• Notified 26
• Status (2006)
• In Operation 10
• Under Construction/Development 11
• In Planning Stage 5
• Captive Sites
• In Operation 12

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HAZARDOUS WASTE CONTROL AND MINIMIZATION

• Waste audit and emission inventory
• Fugitive loss control
• Good operating practice
• Good maintenance practice
• Creative innovation

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HOPE AT THE END OF TUNNEL ?(Global Attempt still
too less)

• Product Reclamation - Reentry
• The Reentry program diverted 38000 Tons of
  material from landfill between 1995 and 2005 in
  one state in US.
• In 2005, 9000 Tons was diverted from landfill and
  used in recycling (71), energy capture and
  conversion (28), and repurposed (1).

(We have to do much more to survive)
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Common Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites at Bharuch,
Gujarat
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Thank you..