Nomenclature

1
Nomenclature

• CHEM 140

2
Metals With One Oxidation State

• Na sodium
• Mg2 magnesium
• Al3 aluminum
• aluminum chloride AlCl3

3
Transition Metals

• Have more than one oxidation state
• Fe2 iron(II)
• Fe3 iron(III)
• Iron(II) sulfide FeS
• Iron(III) oxide Fe2O3

4
Other Names for Transition Metal Ions

• Iron
• Fe2 ferrous
• Fe3 ferric
• Copper
• Cu cuprous or copper(I)
• Cu2 cupric or copper(II)
• Mercury
• Hg22 mercurous or mercury(I)
• Hg2 mercuric or mercury(II)

5
Monatomic Anions

• These take the ide ending
• Cl chloride
• S2 sulfide
• Examples
• Li3N lithium nitride
• Cu2S copper(I) sulfide

6
Polyatomic Ions

• Start by memorizing these
• carbonate CO32
• nitrate NO3
• phosphate PO43
• sulfate SO42
• perchlorate ClO4

7
Derived Names

• Remove oxygen from ate to become ic
• NO3 nitrate. NO2 nitrite
• Charge does not change
• Add H to change the name
• CO32 carbonate
• HCO32 hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate

8
Derived Names

• PO43 phosphate
• HPO42 hydrogen phosphate
• H2PO4 dihydrogen phosphate
• Analogies with metals
• ClO4 and MnO4 (group 7A and 7B)
• SO42 and CrO42 (group 6A and 6B)

9
The Chlorine Series

• ClO4 perchlorate
• ClO3 chlorate
• ClO2 chlorite
• ClO hypochlorite
• Cl chloride

10
Polyatomic ide Anions

• OH hydroxide
• CN cyanide
• O22 peroxide
• Na2O2 sodium peroxide
• KCN potassium cyanide

11
Oddball Ions

• NH4 ammonium
• Hg22 mercury(I) or mercurous
• Cr2O72 dichromate
• H hydride
• SCN thiocyanate

12
Naming Acids

• -ate becomes ic
• HClO3 chloric acid
• HClO4 perchloric acid
• H3PO4 phosphoric acid
• -ite becomes ous
• HNO2 nitrous acid
• -ide becomes hydroic
• HBr hydrobromic acid

13
Acids Are Solutions in Water

• HCl
• Pure form is a gas hydrogen chloride
• Aqueous solution is an acid hydrochloric acid
• HCN
• Pure form hydrogen cyanide
• Aqueous solution hydrocyanic acid

14
Naming Other Hydrogen Compounds

• H2S hydrogen sulfide
• H2O water
• H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
• NH3 ammonia
• PH3 phosphine
• CH4 methane
• SiH4 silane
• B2H6 diborane

15
Other Names

• P4O10 phosphorous pentoxide
• CuSO4 copper sulfate
• Some transition metals have only one oxidation
  state
• Ag, Zn2, Cd2 no need for (I), (II), etc.