Foam

1
Foam
2
Foam

• Solution of air, water, foam concentrate, and
  mechanical agitation used to form a floating
  blanket on flammable and combustible liquids.
  It prevents or extinguishes a fire by excluding
  air and cooling fuel. Foam also aids in
  preventing reignition by suppressing flammable
  vapors.

3
Terminology

• Foam concentrate - from factory
• Foam solution - water concentrate
• Finished foam solution -
  water concentrate mechanical agitation

4
Foam Tetrahedron

• Concentrate
• Water
• Air
• Aeration (mechanical agitation)

5
Types of Foam

• Protein
• Fluoroprotein
• Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam (FFFP)
• Aqeous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
• Alcohol Resistant AFFF (AR-AFFF)

6
Protein

• Originated in WWII
• Derived from natural sources
• 3 or 6
• Excellent water retention
• High heat resistance
• 35 to 120 degrees F
• Hydrocarbons only
• 10 year shelf life

7
Fluoroprotein

• Fluorochemical surfactants added to reg. Protein
  foam
• Can be used for Subsurface Injection
• Not affected by thawing or freezing
• 3-6
• 35-120
• 10 year shelf life

8
Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam (FFFP)

• 3-6
• 35 - 120 degrees F
• Can be stored premixed in apparatus
• Not affected by thawing or freezing
• Can be used with fresh or salt water

9
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)

• Most used
• All synthetic
• 1 - 3 - 6
• Can be used with salt or fresh water
• Can be premixed in apparatus water tanks
• 25 - 120 degrees F
• Good low temperature viscosity

10
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) cont.

• Suitable for subsurface injection
• Can be used as Class A foam if needed
• Effective only on hydrocarbons

11
Alcohol Resistant AFFF

• Same charcteristics as AFFF but can also be used
  on polar solvents!

12
Expansion Ratios

• Low Expansion up to 201 (we use 101)
• Medium Expansion 20-2001 (Haz-Mat vapor
  mitigation)
• High Expansion 200-10001 (Confined Space)

13
Types of Fuels

• Hydrocarbons
• Polar Solvents

14
Hydrocarbons

• Products of crude oil
• Do not mix with water
• Gasoline, Diesel, JP8, Kerosene, Asphalt, Motor
  oils, Vegetable oil, and Animal Fat

15
Polar Solvents

• Products of distillation
• Easily mix with water
• Ketones, Esters, Alcohol, Amine, MTBE

16
Foam Equipment

• Eductors
  HLP-9 (in-line)
  PC-30A
• Foam nozzles
  JS-10
  PC-31
  PC-50
  PC-100
  Task Force
  Tip Foam Adapter
  

17
HLP-9

• In-line eductor
• Works off of venturi effect
• Large amount of friction loss
• No more than 6 feet between eductor and
  concentrate surface
• Pump at 200 psi

18
HLP-9

• No more than 200 feet between eductor and nozzle

19
PC-30A

• Utilized for Sub-Surface Injection

20
JS-10

• 1-1/2 nozzle
• 100 gpm at 100 psi

21
PC-31

• 2-1/2 nozzle
• 310 gpm at 100 psi

22
PC-50

• This nozzle under ideal conditions is capable of
  delivering 500 gallons of finished foam solution
  per minute
• It has a reach of 170 feet at 150 PSI

23
PC-100

• Capable of delivering 1000 gallons per minute of
  finished foam solution under ideal conditions
• Has a reach of 190 feet at 150 PSI

24
Task Force Tip - Foam Adapter

• Purpose is to provide additional foam as a master
  stream
• Can be used on ground monitors or elevated master
  streams (ladder trucks)

25
Tactics
26
Establish an Excellent Water Supply!
27
Solution
28
Size up

• How large is the spill\fire?
• What resources are needed?

29
Approach Scene

• If possible approach from upwind

30
Application Techniques

• Bounce off
• Bank in
• Rain down

31
blanket

• Minimum 4 blanket
• If you must walk through blanket do not pick feet
  up!

32
(No Transcript)
33
Chesapeakes First Foam Unit

• Property of Shell
• Utilized a dry powder hopper which worked off of
  a venturi effect
• Carried A B foam

34
Foam 35

• Donated by the Department of Civil Defense.
• It carried an extinguishing agent called Purple
  K which is located in the center dome shaped
  container.
• It also carried the A B type foam powder.

35
Engine 6

• Chesapeake Fire Departments third foam unit
• Manufactured in house by CFD Personnel

36
Foam 12

• Foam 12 - 1978 Pem-Fab / National Foam
• Designed with a balanced pressure system
• 1000 GPM pump
• 275 gal. Water tank
• 128 GPM Foam pump with 550 gallons of Universal
  Gold
• Currently assigned in the Western Branch area

37
Engine 1

• 1993 Pierce / National Foam Unit
• Has a balanced pressure system
• 2000 GPM water pump with 500 gallons water
• 250 GPM foam pump with 500 gallons Universal Gold

38
Foam 1

• 1973 Chevrolet
• Carries 1400 gallons of XL-3 type foam
• Also carries a limited supply of foam appliances

39
Chesapeakes Foam

• Universal Gold 3 AR-AFFF
• XL-3 Fluoroprotein

40
Engine Company

• 15 gal. Universal Gold 3
• HLP9 in-line eductor
• JS-10 foam nozzle