Public Administration in Canada Kernaghan

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Public Administration in CanadaKernaghan
Siegel Chapter 1
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Public Administration in Canada

• Canadian Government challenges
• Globalization of markets,
• IT advances,
• debt load as an economic burden,
• competing interests for limited resources,

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Public Administration in Canada

• Demands for increased programs
• International efforts war and peacekeeping
  efforts.
• Demography changes
• Culture changes

What does Canada look like?
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Scope of Public Administration

• All government services really fall within two
  areas
• provision of services,
• enforcement of regulations.
• Government programs
• Justice,
• external relations,
• medical care/health
• education,
• Housing/social services,
• environmental protection and safety
• Etc.

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Discussion

• Choose a partner and try to think of examples
  where government is not involved.

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The Meaning of Public Administration

• The text provides four definitions.
• All incomplete because of the challenge in
  defining and understanding the relation between
  politics and the delivery of public goods.
• My favorite The coordination of individual and
  group efforts to carry out public policy.

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Public- Private Continuum
Public
Private
Public Corporations Mixed enterprise
corporations Private sector corporations subject
to strict government regulation
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Public versus Private

• Common areas
• planning
• organizing
• staffing
• budgeting.

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Public versus Private

• Differences
• Provide a service versus providing a service for
  a profit.
• Receive funding from appropriations.
• May be less efficient, versus bottom line
  response
• May be as efficient
• May be a political response, therefore not
  intended to be efficient

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Public versus Private

• What are public goods?
• Goods which benefit all members of society. Thus
  the inability to be privatized.
• Examples?
• Goods which do not produce a profit, therefore of
  no interest to the private sector.

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Public versus Private

• Accountability.
• The challenge for economy, efficiency and
  effectiveness is even greater. Why?
• Must meet all the rules, regulations, directives,
  prohibitions and controls of government

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Public versus Private

• Human resource differences
• The public sector is bound by many more hiring
  and firing rules than the private sector.
• For example
• staffing cuts based on seniority, not merit
• affirmative action

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Public versus Private

• The final difference operating in a fish bowl.
• Private sector operates from the perspective that
  if you make a mistake, fix it and move on.
• Public sector, if you make a mistake it can cost
  the government of the day, and thus all those in
  the program flowing from this.

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Public versus Private

• It is important to note that the differences are
  blurring between public and private
• Larger organizations suffer from similar
  bureaucracy and are being held to be more
  accountable than in the past.

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The Study of Public Administration

• The Study of Public Administration
• Related strongly to political science
• But also related to administrative sciences with
  roots in economics, sociology and psychology
• Further study through an MPA degree

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The Environment and the Growth of Public
Administration

• Which of the following do you think are the most
  important influences on the Canadian Government?
• Geography
• Technological change
• Culture
• Demographics
• The Economy and Globalization

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Growth of Public Service

• Government Expenditures
• Total Government expenditure is approximately 40
  of GDP
• In 2002, employment in the Canadian public sector
  increased for a third consecutive year,
• a rebound from the 1990s when government
  restructuring led to a decline in public sector
  jobs.
• 2.8 million public servants in 2002, compared
  with 3.1 million in 1992.
• The number of public employees fell to 91 per
  1,000 people in each of the three years from 1999
  to 2002 from 108 per 1,000 people in 1992.

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Growth of Public Service

• From 1999-2002, the number of public sector
  employees increased the most in Ontario,
• growing by 38,198 (4) to 986,494 employees in
  2002.
• Manitoba posted a 5.8 increase, the largest
  percentage growth of any province 7,754 public
  employees were added in Manitoba, total 142,194
  jobs.

• Nova Scotia was the only province to show a
  decrease in public sector employment from 1999 to
  2002 (1.1)
• it had 1,136 fewer public sector jobs for a total
  of 102,750 employees.
• Quebecs number of public sector jobs remained
  relatively stable at 700,982 (0.1).