Outline

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Outline

• General comments on the ECE curriculum and
  external factors influencing change
• Role of Biology in Engineering
• What EE and Eng. can do for Biology
• Applications
• Concluding Remarks

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Generation of Change

• 1981 Bayh-Dole Act requiring universities to
  protect intellectual property funded by the
  government and license preferably to small
  businesses.
• 1983-84 National Science Foundation Engineering
  Research Centers interdisciplinary, team-based
  research focused on an engineering system.
• ABET 2000 (a) (k) what students need to know
  to be effective members of the profession.
• Recognition that the profession needs to be
• inclusive.

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The Need for Continuous Curricular Change

• Changing Workforce Demographics
• Educating Students for a Career
• Sustaining US Innovation

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Mission of the University1

• Pass on culture to the next generation.
• Educate researchers and investigators.
• Train students for the professions.
• Produce leaders for society.
• 1. Jose Ortega y Gasset, 1944 Princeton Press

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Great Cultural Disciplines

• Physical scheme of the world (physics)
• Fundamentals of organic life (biology)
• Historical processes of the human species
  (history)
• Structure and function of society (sociology)
• Plan for the Universe (philosophy)

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Entering First Year College Students
Source U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population
Division, Projections of the Resident Population
by Age, Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin 1999 to
2100 Note Populations for 2010 and 2025 are
projected.
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Gender Demographics 2002 Natural Scientists and
Engineers of total 24 yr. olds

• Source Science and Engineering Indicators 2002,
  Text Table 2-9, page 2-23. Courtesy of Michael
  Crosby, NSB.

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Ratio of 2002 NSE degrees to total degrees
granted

• Source Science and Engineering Indicators 2002,
  Text Table 2-9, page 2-23.

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US Workforce is Changing

• Steady decrease in US students pursuing science
  and engineering degrees from 1985-2003.
• Steady increase in underrepresented students
  entering college few are pursuing NSE degrees.
• Fewer women than men obtaining NSE degrees.
• US has traditionally relied on foreign-born
  scientists and engineers
• H-B1 Visas issued dropped in half from 2001
  2003
• Applications to US Universities falling

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The Need for scientists and engineers is gt the
number of technical jobs
Use of Engineering Skills in Occupations
Occupations of Engineers
Source Science and Engineering Indicators 2004
Note SESTAT definitions of Eng and Non-Eng
occupations.
Source Calculated from Science and Engineering
Indicators 2004 Note Use SE skills includes
all those in SESTAT-defined Eng jobs and those
in SESTAT-defined Non-Eng jobs who closely or
somewhat use Eng skills in those jobs.
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How do we attract the next generation into NSE?

• Teach students what they need to know (not what
  we know how to teach).
• Motivate students to want to learn (foster
  curiosity and confidence).
• Align curriculum with social issues, make it
  relevant to our modern society.
• Diversify faculty role models are critical.
• Create community isolation cited for attrition
  particularly for underrepresented groups.

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What do they need to know?

• Solve problems in their discipline.
• Integrate knowledge across disciplines.
• Make persuasive oral and written arguments.
• Develop a holistic perspective on projects,
  problems, and programs.
• Appreciate and respect other people, cultures
  team player.

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How do we do this?

• Common first year design experience focused on a
  relevant engineering theme.
• Second year core courses building on an
  integrated theme.
• Third year depth courses with integrated
  independent research and international
  experience.
• Fourth year team-based, challenging design
  project that makes an impact.

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Example in ECE at Duke3

• First year experience Matlab as a common
  computational platform. Fundamentals of ECE
  design course building on a theme of integrated
  sensors and information processing (ISIP)
  building a weather station with integrated
  sensors.
• Second year disciplinary knowledge in four
  subjects circuits and devices,
  electromagnetics, signals and systems, logic and
  computer architecture. Case studies in
  engineering design/leadership.
• Third year focus on depth, integrating research
  experiences and gaining international exposure.
• Fourth year integrated design course and
  breadth design electives.
• 3 Professors Lisa Huettel and Leslie Collins,
  NSF curriculum design grant.

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Change Engineering Education To

• Prune the curriculum to provide flexibility.
• Integrate the great cultural subjects into every
  engineering course - addressing the Hybrid
  World2
• Start design in the first year.
• Switch the emphasis from the classroom to the
  lab.
• Require international and independent research
  experience.
• Focus on preparing professionals, researchers and
  leaders to sustain innovation you dont
  outsource leadership.
• 2. Rosalind Williams, Profession Formerly Known
  as Eng.

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Integrating The Great Cultural Subjects the
Living World

• Role of Biology in the Engineering Curriculum
• Inspiration
• Motivation
• Interesting Problems
• Diversity

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What can engineering do for the biological
sciences?

• Provide a language for describing living
  organisms from a systems perspective
• Deliver analytical tools and develop quantitative
  approaches for understanding these systems
• Manage information over multiple scales
• Optimize system under constraints

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Applications

• Macroscopic scales
• Biomedical devices
• Imaging and instrumentation
• Assistive technology,
• Networks and communications
• Microscopic scales
• Nanomedicine
• Nanomanufacturing

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Closed-Loop Brain-Machine Interface for
Augmenting Motor Performance
Miguel A. L. Nicolelis, Pat Wolf and Craig
Henriquez Depts. Neurobiology and Biomedical
Engineering, Center for Neuroengineering Duke
University, nicoleli_at_neuro.duke.edu
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HIGH DENSITY MICROWIRE ARRAYS
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Cortical Neuroprosthesis for Restoring Motor
Functions
Nicolelis and Chapin. Scientific American 2002.
Nicolelis, MAL. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 2003.

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CURRENT EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
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Engineering the Brain-Machine Interface

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Engineering the Brain-Machine Interface