Mark Johnson

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Alaska Coastal Climatologies Wind/Wave Workshop
1895

• Mark Johnson
• Institute of Marine Science
• University of Alaska Fairbanks
• johnson_at_ims.uaf.edu
• 907.474.6933

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• Bathymetry
• Regions
• Gulf of Alaska
• Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands
• Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea and Arctic Ocean
• Sources
• USGS, NOAA, other Government, private
• Public and Proprietary
• Ocean Currents
• Ocean Vertical Structure and Mixing
• Recommendations

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The big picture looks pretty good
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• 2 minute surface elevation from NGDC

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polar projection
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• Total Coverage of NOS hydrographic Surveys
  Version 4.1.18 DVDOver 73 million soundings and
  267 thousand features from 6038 surveys are
  contained in the database.

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ETOPO5
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USGS nosbath
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NGDC Grids for purchase
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• Finite Volume Community Model (FVCOM)
• Horizontal resolution
• 160m along coastline
• 13km along open boundary.
• Bathymetry contours in color

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Fragment of grid showing high resolution
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• Bathymetry
• Regions
• Gulf of Alaska
• Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands
• Beaufort Sea and Arctic Ocean
• Sources
• USGS, Government, private
• Public and Proprietary
• Ocean Currents
• Ocean Vertical Structure and Mixing
• Recommendations

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Currents of the North Pacific Ocean
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Courtesy of Tom Weingartner
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Modeled steady-state barotropic current vectors,
forced by a steady northward flow of 0.8 Sv
through Bering Strait.
Courtesy of Tom Weingartner
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Courtesy of Tom Weingartner
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• Bathymetry
• Regions
• Gulf of Alaska
• Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands
• Beaufort Sea and Arctic Ocean
• Sources
• USGS, Government, private
• Public and Proprietary
• Ocean Currents
• Ocean Vertical Structure and Mixing
• Recommendations

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• Volumetric temperature-salinity diagram of the
  world ocean. 75 of the ocean's water have a
  temperature and salinity within the green region,
  99 have a temperature and salinity within the
  region coloured in cyan. The warm water outside
  the 75 region is confined to the upper 1000 m of
  the ocean

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Coupling of the atmosphere and ocean takes place
through the mixed layer. The mixed layer is a
layer at the ocean's surface that is relatively
vertically uniform in properties such as
temperature and salinity. The turbulence that
mixes this layer is a result of wind and surface
cooling.
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GAK1 Temperature and Salinty
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Full Depth
Upper Layer
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Alaska Villages With Flooding or Erosion
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• Bathymetry
• Regions
• Gulf of Alaska
• Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands
• Beaufort Sea and Arctic Ocean
• Sources
• USGS, Government, private
• Public and Proprietary
• Ocean Currents
• Ocean Vertical Structure and Mixing
• Recommendations

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Summer
Autumn
Winter
Spring
20-year wave hindcast from NIWAM wave model
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Develop the climatologies

• Instantaneous wave heights and angles

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Coastal Ice Surveys along Arctic Coast
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Comments?

• Mark Johnson
• Institute of Marine Science
• University of Alaska Fairbanks
• johnson_at_ims.uaf.edu
• 907.474.6933