Chapter 8 Microcomputers

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Chapter 8Microcomputers
Computer Organization. Memory Types. Digital
Process Control. The Motorola 68HC11/12. The
Instruction Set and Addressing Modes for the
68HC11. Assembly-Language Programming.
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Chapter 8Microcomputers
1. Identify and describe the functional blocks of
a microcomputer. 2. Select the type of memory
needed for a given application.
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3. Understand how microcomputers or
microcontrollers can be applied in your field of
specialization. 4. Identify the internal
registers and their functions for the 68HC11
microcomputer. 5. List some of the instructions
and addressing modes of the 68HC11. 6. Write
simple programs using the 68HC11 instruction
set.
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An embedded computer is part of a product, such
as an automobile, printer, or bread machine, that
is not called a computer. A microcomputer or
microcontroller is a complete computer containing
the CPU, memory, and I/O on a single silicon chip.
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This computer, in which the instructions and data
are stored in the same memory, has von
Neumann architecture (also known as Princeton
architecture).
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MEMORY TYPES

• Read-and-write memory (RAM)
• (2) Read-only memory (ROM)
• (3) Mass storage

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Selection of Memory
1. The trade-off between speed and cost 2.
Whether the information is to be stored
permanently or must be changed frequently 3.
Whether data are to be accessed in random order
or in sequence
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Stacks and the Stack Pointer Register
Stacks are last-in first-out memories.
Information is added to (pushed onto) the top of
the stack and eventually read out (pulled off) in
the reverse order that it was written.
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ASSEMBLY-LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING
In general, Motorola assembly language statements
take the form LABEL
INSTRUCTION/DIRECTIVE OPERAND
COMMENT Directives are used to give
commands to the assembler.
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Example 8.3 Machine Code for Example 8.2
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