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Source Criticism and the Synoptic Problem

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Luke numbers himself among the many and decides to investigate his sources and ... Essays in Memory of R.H. Lightfoot (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1955), pp. 55-88. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Source Criticism and the Synoptic Problem


1
Source Criticism and the Synoptic Problem
2
The Biblical Warrant for Source Criticism Luke
11-4.
  • Luke tells us clearly that there were many other
    gospels (11).
  • Luke tells us that these attempts were according
    to the early oral traditions (12).

3
  • Luke numbers himself among the many and decides
    to investigate his sources and write an orderly
    account.
  • We can surmise that the other gospels writers
    used the same procedures.
  • Source criticism is nothing more than the attempt
    to discover from Luke and the other gospel
    writers their sources, with a view to better
    understanding their intentions.

4
General Solutions to the Synoptic Problem
  • One can argue that the three gospels are totally
    independent of each other and that similarities
    are either coincidental or providential.
  • One can argue that the three are related only
    because all have used common oral traditions .

5
  • One can argue that there is a literal
    relationship between the three, that one or two
    or three have copied from each other.
  • At this point let me briefly state that one's
    position on this issue is not determined by one's
    view of inspiration unless that view be
    mechanical dictation.

6
The Answer
  • Note that ones answer must fulfill
  • Linguistic Choices
  • Selection of Material Choices
  • Choices of Order of Material

7
The Augustinian Hypothesis.
  • Proponents Augustine,
  • The Basic Solution Matthew was first, Mark
    used Matthew

8
The Griesbach Hypothesis
  • Proponents J.J. Griesbach, W.R. Farmer
  • Basic Solution Matthew was first, Luke was
    second and used Matthew, Mark was last and used
    both Matthew and Luke.

9
Matthew MarkLuke
10
The Oxford Hypothesis (B.H. Streeter) Also known
as the Two/Four Source Hypothesis.
11
  • Proponents B.H. Streeter, The Four Gospels A
    Study of Origins
  • Basic Solution Mark was first, Matthew was
    second and used Mk and Q, Luke was last and used
    Mark and Q. Both Matthew and Luke also had
    access to another source, called M and L
    respectively.
  • Dominance many scholars, even to this day,
    will speak of this solution as one "assured
    result" of gospel studies.

12
Mark QMatthew Luke(But what about
special material?)
13
Mark QM
LMatthew Luke
14
The Farrer Hypothesis
  • Proponents Austin Farrer, "On Dispensing with
    Q," in D.E. Nineham, Studies in the Gospels
    Essays in Memory of R.H. Lightfoot (Oxford
    Basil Blackwell, 1955), pp. 55-88.
  • Basic Solution Mark was first, Matthew was
    second and used Mark, Luke was last and used
    both Matthew and Mark.

15
Mark LukeMatthew(Note no need for a Q)
16
Some Important Arguments for a Modified Oxford
Hypothesis
  • The Case for Markan Priority.
  • Shared Content
  • Wording
  • Order
  • Primitivity
  • Expansion Tendency
  • Success

17
  • The Case for Q whether written or oral, or
    mixed.
  • Wording
  • Order
  • Doublets
  • Independence of Matt and Luke
  • Nature

18
Some Concluding Observations
  • We will assume for the rest of the semester the
    general reliability of the Two/Four-Source
    Hypothesis.
  • We must remember that the relationship was
    probably much more complex than we can trace with
    any degree of certainty.
  • In the actual composition of each Gospel such
    factors as oral traditions, other written
    sources (cf. Lk 11-4), and redactional
    alterations are all at work.
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