Robert E. Wolf

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Application of Crop Protection Materials

• Robert E. Wolf
• Extension Specialist Application Technology

Biological and Agricultural Engineering
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Productivity
The application triangle
Off-site protection
Efficacy
balance
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What is an applicator?
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Spray Droplet Management!

• Need knowledge of the product being used.
• Herbicide, Fungicide, Insecticide
• Systemic
• Contact
• What is the target?
• Soil
• Grass
• Broadleaf (smooth, hairy, waxy)
• Leaf orientation time of day
• Penetration into canopy

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Canopy Density- Timing a factor!

• Light more visible soil surface than vegetative
  plant surface. Plant height from 12 14 inches
  (VE to V6).
• Medium some soil surface still visible. Plant
  height from 15 22 inches (R1 to R2).
• Heavy no soil surface visible. Plant height at
  least 23 inches (R3-R8).

Light to Medium Canopy
Light Canopy
Heavy Canopy
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Aerial and ground canopy penetration
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2005 Trials

• Nozzles in lab
• 20 GPA _at_ 10 MPH
• 20 GPA _at_ 15 MPH
• 15 GPA _at_ 10 MPH
• 15 GPA _at_ 15 MPH
• Rosens and others
• Helena
• All trials with NIS

• Nozzles in field
• 20 GPA _at_ 10 MPH
• Rosens repeated
• Helena
• Agriliance
• All trials with NIS and Headline

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Canopy Penetration Studies
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Materials and Methods

• 4 deposition aids
• Preference
• Preference Placement
• Interlock Preference
• Interlock Rivet
• Water used as a check
• Spray mixes containing 50 gal
• NIS (Crop Oil Concentrate) _at_ 3 ounces/acre
• Tap water
• Required amount of product or combination of
  products per label
• Application volumes
• 3 GPA
• 1 GPA

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Aerial Canopy Results
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Aerial Canopy Results
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Average Coverage Across Canopy Position at 3 GPA
sum of top, middle, and bottom averaged
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Aerial Canopy Results
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Drop Size
One micron (?m) 1/25,000 inch
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EPA Requested Changes Coming!?!?

• Guidance to Chemical Manufacturers
• Match the crop protection product to the target
• Adhere to label guidelines based on an industry
  standard
• ASAE S-572
• Buffer Zones or No Spray Zones
• Maximize Efficacy
• Minimize Drift

VMD
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ASAE S-572 Droplet Size Standard
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gt150
151-250
251-350
351-450
451-550
gt551
Source Crop Life July 2002
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200-300 microns
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Droplet Spectra Classification
Based on ASAE Standard and Spraying Systems
Charts.
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Droplet Spectra Classification
Based on ASAE Standard and Spraying Systems
Charts.
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Greenleaf Droplet chart
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What is the Real difference ?

• Medium droplet at 225 microns
• Coarse droplet at 300 microns

How much heavier? Or is it???
300 1.33 225
1.33 bigger
1.333 1.33 1.33 1.33 2.35 2.35 100
235 heavier
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Nozzle Technology

• Nozzles designed to reduce drift
• Improved drop size control
• Emphasis on Spray Quality

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Nozzles Types?
flat spray
chamber
air induced
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Chamber - Pre-orifice Nozzles

• Advancements in plastic molding allowed for new
  non-conventional geometry and molded in
  pre-orifices.

Pre-orifice
Exit orifice
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Air-Induction/Venturi Nozzles
Where air is drawn into the nozzle cavity and
exits with the fluid.
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Pre-orifice Air Induction Nozzles

• Spraying Systems AI TeeJet
• Air intake venturi section
• Mixing Chamber - air and spray solution blended
• Exit orifice - Pattern tip - forms large
  air-bubble drops
• Better Penetration?
• Reduced run-off?
• Improved coverage?
• Adequate efficacy?
• Reduced drift? YES!!!

Pre-orifice
Air induction
Mixing Chamber
Exit orifice
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Precautions with Venturi Nozzles

• Need higher pressure to atomize and form adequate
  pattern.
• Even more critical if deposition aid included in
  the tank mix.
• Equipment concerns at higher pressures.
• At higher pressures may improve droplet
  trajectory speed and improve canopy penetration.

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Double Cap Twin Nozzles


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CP Swivel

• Quick change angle device
• 10 degree increments
• Flexibility to increase the angle of attack
• Influence the droplet spectrum

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USDA Aerial Nozzle Atomization Models
The models are implemented in Microsoft Excel
computer spreadsheets and are available for
download at http//apmru.usda.gov/downloads/downl
oads.htm
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USDA Aerial Nozzle Atomization Models
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Disclaimer

• Brand names appearing in this presentation are
  for identification and illustration purposes
  only.
• No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism
  implied of similar products not mentioned.

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For more information contact
rewolf_at_ksu.edu
Thank You
www.bae.ksu.edu/faculty/wolf/